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  1. Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is one feature of post cardiac arrest encephalopathy. We studied the incidence and features of CVR by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and associations with outcome a...

    Authors: Johanna Laurikkala, Anders Aneman, Alexander Peng, Matti Reinikainen, Paul Pham, Pekka Jakkula, Johanna Hästbacka, Erika Wilkman, Pekka Loisa, Jussi Toppila, Thomas Birkelund, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg and Markus B. Skrifvars
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:350
  2. Septic shock is characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response and microcirculatory dysfunction. There is currently no specific agent for treating septic shock. Anisodamine is an agent extracted from t...

    Authors: Yuetian Yu, Cheng Zhu, Yucai Hong, Lin Chen, Zhiping Huang, Jiancang Zhou, Xin Tian, Dadong Liu, Bo Ren, Cao Zhang, Caibao Hu, Xinan Wang, Rui Yin, Yuan Gao and Zhongheng Zhang
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:349

    The Letter to this article has been published in Critical Care 2021 25:433

  3. Restricted visitation policies in acute care settings because of the COVID-19 pandemic have negative consequences. The objective of this scoping review is to identify impacts of restricted visitation policies ...

    Authors: Stephana J. Moss, Karla D. Krewulak, Henry T. Stelfox, Sofia B. Ahmed, Melanie C. Anglin, Sean M. Bagshaw, Karen E. A. Burns, Deborah J. Cook, Christopher J. Doig, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Robert Fowler, Laura Hernández, Michelle E. Kho, Maia Kredentser, Kira Makuk, Srinivas Murthy…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:347
  4. The primary aim of this study was to assess the outcome of elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated during the spring and autumn COVID-19 surges in Europe.

    Authors: Christian Jung, Jesper Fjølner, Raphael Romano Bruno, Bernhard Wernly, Antonio Artigas, Bernardo Bollen Pinto, Joerg C. Schefold, Georg Wolff, Malte Kelm, Michael Beil, Sigal Sviri, Peter Vernon van Heerden, Wojciech Szczeklik, Miroslaw Czuczwar, Michael Joannidis, Sandra Oeyen…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:344
  5. Approximately one-third of sepsis patients experience poor outcomes including chronic critical illness (CCI, intensive care unit (ICU) stay > 14 days) or early death (in-hospital death within 14 days). We soug...

    Authors: Faheem W. Guirgis, Lauren Page Black, Morgan Henson, Guillaume Labilloy, Carmen Smotherman, Charlotte Hopson, Ian Tfirn, Elizabeth L. DeVos, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Lyle Moldawer, Susmita Datta, Todd M. Brusko, Alexis Hester, Andrew Bertrand, Victor Grijalva, Alexander Arango-Esterhay…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:341
  6. Awake prone positioning (APP) is widely used in the management of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The primary objective of this study was to compare the outcome of COVID-19 patients who received ...

    Authors: Ramandeep Kaur, David L. Vines, Sara Mirza, Ahmad Elshafei, Julie A. Jackson, Lauren J. Harnois, Tyler Weiss, J. Brady Scott, Matthew W. Trump, Idrees Mogri, Flor Cerda, Amnah A. Alolaiwat, Amanda R. Miller, Andrew M. Klein, Trevor W. Oetting, Lindsey Morris…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:340
  7. Evidence from previous studies comparing lung ultrasound to thoracic computed tomography (CT) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is limited due to multiple methodologic weaknesses. While addressing methodol...

    Authors: Jasper M. Smit, Mark E. Haaksma, Michiel H. Winkler, Micah L. A. Heldeweg, Luca Arts, Erik J. Lust, Paul W. G. Elbers, Lilian J. Meijboom, Armand R. J. Girbes, Leo M. A. Heunks and Pieter R. Tuinman
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:339
  8. Trends in the incidence and outcomes of sepsis using a Japanese nationwide database were investigated.

    Authors: Taro Imaeda, Taka-aki Nakada, Nozomi Takahashi, Yasuo Yamao, Satoshi Nakagawa, Hiroshi Ogura, Nobuaki Shime, Yutaka Umemura, Asako Matsushima and Kiyohide Fushimi
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:338
  9. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, but its heterogeneity challenges the identification of effective therapies. Defining subphenotypes with distinct progn...

    Authors: Neha A. Sathe, Leila R. Zelnick, Carmen Mikacenic, Eric D. Morrell, Pavan K. Bhatraju, J. Brennan McNeil, Susanna Kosamo, Catherine L. Hough, W. Conrad Liles, Lorraine B. Ware and Mark M. Wurfel
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:336
  10. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) emerged as important fungal complications in patients with COVID-19-associated severe acute respiratory failure (ARF). Whether mould ...

    Authors: Stefan Hatzl, Alexander C. Reisinger, Florian Posch, Juergen Prattes, Martin Stradner, Stefan Pilz, Philipp Eller, Michael Schoerghuber, Wolfgang Toller, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Philipp Metnitz, Martin Rief, Florian Prüller, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Thomas Valentin, Robert Krause…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:335
  11. Delirium is a clinical syndrome occurring in heterogeneous patient populations. It affects 45–87% of critical care patients and is often associated with adverse outcomes including acquired dementia, institutio...

    Authors: Emily M. L. Bowman, Emma L. Cunningham, Valerie J. Page and Daniel F. McAuley
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:334
  12. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), dead space fraction has been independently associated with mortality. We hypothesized that early measurement of the difference between arterial and end-tidal CO2 (ar...

    Authors: Paola Lecompte-Osorio, Steven D. Pearson, Cole H. Pieroni, Matthew R. Stutz, Anne S. Pohlman, Julie Lin, Jesse B. Hall, Yu M. Htwe, Patrick G. Belvitch, Steven M. Dudek, Krysta Wolfe, Bhakti K. Patel and John P. Kress
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:333
  13. Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first thr...

    Authors: Antoni Torres, Anna Motos, Jordi Riera, Laia Fernández-Barat, Adrián Ceccato, Raquel Pérez-Arnal, Dario García-Gasulla, Oscar Peñuelas, José Angel Lorente, Alejandro Rodriguez, David de Gonzalo-Calvo, Raquel Almansa, Albert Gabarrús, Rosario Menéndez, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martin, Ricard Ferrer…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:331

    The Correction to this article has been published in Critical Care 2021 25:435

  14. There is ongoing demographic ageing and increasing longevity of the population, with previously devastating and often-fatal diseases now transformed into chronic conditions. This is turning multi-morbidity int...

    Authors: Michael Beil, Hans Flaatten, Bertrand Guidet, Sigal Sviri, Christian Jung, Dylan de Lange, Susannah Leaver, Jesper Fjølner, Wojciech Szczeklik and Peter Vernon van Heerden
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:330
  15. Survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest is poor, but current literature shows substantial heterogeneity in reported survival rates. This study aims to evaluate care for patients suffering in-hospital cardiac...

    Authors: B. Y. Gravesteijn, M. Schluep, H. F. Lingsma, R. J. Stolker, H. Endeman and S. E. Hoeks
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:329
  16. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-Cov2 virus has become the greatest health and controversial issue for worldwide nations. It is associated with different clinical manifestati...

    Authors: Mohammad M. Banoei, Roshan Dinparastisaleh, Ali Vaeli Zadeh and Mehdi Mirsaeidi
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:328

    The Letter to this article has been published in Critical Care 2021 25:447

  17. A helmet, comprising a transparent hood and a soft collar, surrounding the patient’s head can be used to deliver noninvasive ventilatory support, both as continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive po...

    Authors: Andrea Coppadoro, Elisabetta Zago, Fabio Pavan, Giuseppe Foti and Giacomo Bellani
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:327
  18. Currently, there is a lack of evidence to guide optimal care for acute kidney injury (AKI) survivors. Therefore, post-discharge care by a multidisciplinary care team (MDCT) may improve these outcomes. This stu...

    Authors: Peerapat Thanapongsatorn, Kamolthip Chaikomon, Nuttha Lumlertgul, Khanitha Yimsangyad, Akarathep Leewongworasingh, Win Kulvichit, Phatadon Sirivongrangson, Sadudee Peerapornratana, Weerachai Chaijamorn, Yingyos Avihingsanon and Nattachai Srisawat
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:322
  19. This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021. Other selected articles can be found online at

    Authors: Markus Benedikt Skrifvars, Mypinder Sekhon and Erik Anders Åneman
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:312

    The Correction to this article has been published in Critical Care 2024 28:110

  20. This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021. Other selected articles can be found online at 

    Authors: Sander Rozemeijer, Frans A. L. van der Horst and Angélique M. E. de Man
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:310

    The Correction to this article has been published in Critical Care 2024 28:110

  21. This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021. Other selected articles can be found online at

    Authors: Matthias Heringlake, Astrid Ellen Berggreen and Hauke Paarmann
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:309

    The Correction to this article has been published in Critical Care 2024 28:110

  22. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous syndrome, and the identification of homogeneous subgroups and phenotypes is the first step toward precision critical care. We aimed to explore whet...

    Authors: Xiaowei Liu, Yusheng Jiang, Xiaonan Jia, Xiaohui Ma, Ci Han, Nana Guo, Yahui Peng, Haitao Liu, Yingnan Ju, Xiangfeng Luo, Xueting Li, Yue Bu, Jin Zhang, Yansong Liu, Yan Gao, Mingyan Zhao…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:320
  23. Intensive care unit acquired weakness is a serious problem, contributing to respiratory failure and reductions in ambulation. Currently, there is no pharmacological therapy for this condition. Studies indicate...

    Authors: Gerald S. Supinski, Paul F. Netzel, Philip M. Westgate, Elizabeth A. Schroder, Lin Wang and Leigh Ann Callahan
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:308
  24. Sepsis is a common consequence of infection, associated with a mortality rate > 25%. Although community-acquired sepsis is more common, hospital-acquired infection is more lethal. The most common site of infec...

    Authors: Michael S. Niederman, Rebecca M. Baron, Lila Bouadma, Thierry Calandra, Nick Daneman, Jan DeWaele, Marin H. Kollef, Jeffrey Lipman and Girish B. Nair
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:307
  25. Awake prone position is an emerging rescue therapy applied in patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF) related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Al...

    Authors: Gianmaria Cammarota, Elisa Rossi, Leonardo Vitali, Rachele Simonte, Tiziano Sannipoli, Francesco Anniciello, Luigi Vetrugno, Elena Bignami, Cecilia Becattini, Simonetta Tesoro, Danila Azzolina, Angelo Giacomucci, Paolo Navalesi and Edoardo De Robertis
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:305

    The Letter to this article has been published in Critical Care 2021 25:449

  26. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underlined the urgent need for reliable, multicenter, and full-admission intensive care data to advance our understanding of the course of the disease and i...

    Authors: Lucas M. Fleuren, Tariq A. Dam, Michele Tonutti, Daan P. de Bruin, Robbert C. A. Lalisang, Diederik Gommers, Olaf L. Cremer, Rob J. Bosman, Sander Rigter, Evert-Jan Wils, Tim Frenzel, Dave A. Dongelmans, Remko de Jong, Marco Peters, Marlijn J. A. Kamps, Dharmanand Ramnarain…
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:304
  27. Through venous contraction, norepinephrine (NE) increases stressed blood volume and mean systemic pressure (Pms) and exerts a “fluid-like” effect. When both fluid and NE are administered, Pms may not only resu...

    Authors: Imane Adda, Christopher Lai, Jean-Louis Teboul, Laurent Guerin, Francesco Gavelli and Xavier Monnet
    Citation: Critical Care 2021 25:302