Reintam A, Parm P, Kitus R, Kern H, Starkopf J. Gastrointestinal symptoms in intensive care patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2009;53(3):318–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reintam Blaser A, Starkopf J, Malbrain ML. Abdominal signs and symptoms in intensive care patients. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2015;47(4):379–87.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Fruhwald S. Diarrhoea in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015;21(2):142–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aderinto-Adike AO, Quigley EM. Gastrointestinal motility problems in critical care: a clinical perspective. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(7):335–44.
Article
Google Scholar
Ukleja A. Altered GI, motility in critically ill patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010;25(1):16–25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thibault R, Graf S, Clerc A, Delieuvin N, Heidegger CP, Pichard C. Diarrhoea in the ICU: respective contribution of feeding and antibiotics. Crit Care. 2013;17(4):R153.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
De Winter BY, De Man JG. Interplay between inflammation, immune system and neuronal pathways: effect on gastrointestinal motility. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(44):5523–35.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kamarul Zaman M, Chin KF, Rai V, Majid HA. Fiber and prebiotic supplementation in enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(17):5372–81.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Spapen H, Diltoer M, Van Malderen C, Opdenacker G, Suys E, Huyghens L. Soluble fiber reduces the incidence of diarrhea in septic patients receiving total enteral nutrition: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2001;20(4):301–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Caparros T, Lopez J, Grau T. Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with a high-protein diet enriched with arginine, fiber, and antioxidants compared with a standard high-protein diet. The effect on nosocomial infections and outcome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2001;25(6):299–308. discussion 308–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rushdi TA, Pichard C, Khater YH. Control of diarrhea by fiber-enriched diet in ICU patients on enteral nutrition: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2004;23(6):1344–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hsu CW, Sun SF, Lin SL, Kang SP, Chu KA, Lin CH, Huang HH. Duodenal versus gastric feeding in medical intensive care unit patients: a prospective, randomized, clinical study. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(6):1866–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arabi YM, Tamim HM, Dhar GS, Al-Dawood A, Al-Sultan M, Sakkijha MH, Kahoul SH, Brits R. Permissive underfeeding and intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(3):569–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wan B, Fu H, Yin J. Early jejunal feeding by bedside placement of a nasointestinal tube significantly improves nutritional status and reduces complications in critically ill patients versus enteral nutrition by a nasogastric tube. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2015;24(1):51–7.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Majid HA, Cole J, Emery PW, Whelan K. Additional oligofructose/inulin does not increase faecal bifidobacteria in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(6):966–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Daniel H. Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport. Annu Rev Physiol. 2004;66:361–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hecker M, Linder T, Ott J, Walmrath HD, Lohmeyer J, Vadasz I, Marsh LM, Herold S, Reichert M, Buchbinder A, et al. Immunomodulation by lipid emulsions in pulmonary inflammation: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2015;19:226.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Whelan K, Judd PA, Taylor MA. Assessment of fecal output in patients receiving enteral tube feeding: validation of a novel chart. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(7):1030–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McClave SA, Sexton LK, Spain DA, Adams JL, Owens NA, Sullins MB, Blandford BS, Snider HL. Enteral tube feeding in the intensive care unit: factors impeding adequate delivery. Crit Care Med. 1999;27(7):1252–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Montejo JC. Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. The Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units. Crit Care Med. 1999;27(8):1447–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reintam Blaser A, Poeze M, Malbrain ML, Bjorck M, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Starkopf J. Gastro-Intestinal Failure Trial Group. Gastrointestinal symptoms during the first week of intensive care are associated with poor outcome: a prospective multicentre study. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(5):899–909.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Smith CE, Marien L, Brogdon C, Faust-Wilson P, Lohr G, Gerald KB, Pingleton S. Diarrhea associated with tube feeding in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Nurs Res. 1990;39(3):148–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adare A, Afanasiev S, Aidala C, Ajitanand NN, Akiba Y, Al-Bataineh H, Alexander J, Al-Jamel A, Aoki K, Aphecetche L, et al. Enhanced production of direct photons in Au + Au collisions at square root(S(NN)) = 200 GeV and implications for the initial temperature. Phys Rev Lett. 2010;104(13):132301.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brinson RR, Kolts BE. Hypoalbuminemia as an indicator of diarrheal incidence in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1987;15(5):506–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hwang TL, Lue MC, Nee YJ, Jan YY, Chen MF. The incidence of diarrhea in patients with hypoalbuminemia due to acute or chronic malnutrition during enteral feeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89(3):376–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reese JL, Means ME, Hanrahan K, Clearman B, Colwill M, Dawson C. Diarrhea associated with nasogastric feedings. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1996;23(1):59–66. discussion 66–8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guenter PA, Settle RG, Perlmutter S, Marino PL, DeSimone GA, Rolandelli RH. Tube feeding-related diarrhea in acutely ill patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1991;15(3):277–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taylor BE, McClave SA, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, McCarthy MS, Davanos E, Rice TW, Cresci GA, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). Crit Care Med. 2016;44(2):390–438.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Singer P, Hiesmayr M, Biolo G, Felbinger TW, Berger MM, Goeters C, Kondrup J, Wunder C, Pichard C. Pragmatic approach to nutrition in the ICU: expert opinion regarding which calorie protein target. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(2):246–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yeh DD, Fuentes E, Quraishi SA, Cropano C, Kaafarani H, Lee J, King DR, DeMoya M, Fagenholz P, Butler K, et al. Adequate nutrition may get you home: effect of caloric/protein deficits on the discharge destination of critically ill surgical patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(1):37–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elke G, Wang M, Weiler N, Day AG, Heyland DK. Close to recommended caloric and protein intake by enteral nutrition is associated with better clinical outcome of critically ill septic patients: secondary analysis of a large international nutrition database. Crit Care. 2014;18(1):R29.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Braunschweig CA, Sheean PM, Peterson SJ, Gomez Perez S, Freels S, Lateef O, Gurka D, Fantuzzi G. Intensive nutrition in acute lung injury: a clinical trial (INTACT). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39(1):13–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Qiu C, Chen C, Zhang W, Kou Q, Wu S, Zhou L, Liu J, Ma G, Chen J, Chen M, et al. A fat-modified enteral formula improves feeding tolerance in critically ill patients: a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015. epub ahead of print
Magee G, Strauss ME, Thomas SM, Brown H, Baumer D, Broderick KC. Impact of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea on acute care length of stay, hospital costs, and readmission: a multicenter retrospective study of inpatients, 2009-2011. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(11):1148–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar