Patients with diarrhea (n = 60) | Patients without diarrhea (n = 30) | Effect of diarrhea | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | n (%) with event | n | n (%) with event | Risk ratio (95% CI) | ||
Death | 60 | 16 (27%) | 29 | 7 (24%) | 0.68 (0.26 to 1.78) | 0.44 |
n | Median (IQR) | n | Median (IQR) | Median difference (95% CI) | ||
Maximal abdominal pain per patient/staya | 42 | 0.00 (0.00–3.00) | 19 | 2.00 (0.00–4.00) | −0.8 (−2.9 to 1.4) | 0.47 |
Mean abdominal pain per patient/staya | 42 | 0.00 (0.00–1.00) | 19 | 0.67 (0.00–2.00) | −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.7) | 0.49 |
Accumulated caloric deficit 3 days after start of EN, Kcal | 59 | −888 (−1828 to −266) | 29 | −924 (−1521 to −230) | −175 (−813 to 463) | 0.59 |
Accumulated caloric deficit during EN/day, Kcal | 59 | −268 (−521 to −41) | 29 | −455 (−1008 to −78) | 248 (−67 to 563) | 0.12 |
Percentage of cumulative calories delivered vs. prescribed during EN | 59 | 0.90 (0.81–0.96) | 29 | 0.85 (0.74–0.95) | 0.01 (−0.10 to 0.11) | 0.91 |
Serum albumin at baseline, g/L | 53 | 20.0 (16.0–23.0) | 28 | 24.0 (21.0–26.0) | −2.6 (−5.2 to −0.0) | 0.050 |
Serum albumin 3 days after EN start, g/L | 43 | 18.0 (14.0–24.0) | 11 | 23.0 (17.0–25.0) | −0.7 (−4.7 to 3.2) | 0.72 |
Serum albumin at treatment end or at ICU discharge, g/L | 23 | 20.0 (17.0–26.0) | 13 | 24.0 (21.0–25.0) | −0.8 (−4.7 to 3.2) | 0.69 |
n | No. of events (pd) | n | No. of events (pd) | Rate ratio (95% CI) | ||
Stool events | 60 | 911 (418 pd) | 30 | 46 (122 pd) | 4.60 (2.98–7.11) | <0.001 |
Days with interruption of EN due to diarrhea | 60 | 2 (418 pd) | 30 | 0 (122 pd) | nd | |
Days with presence of electrolyte and acid-base disturbances | 60 | 350 (418 pd) | 30 | 102 (122 pd) | 0.97 (0.88–1.09) | 0.64 |
Days with presence of electrolyte disturbances | 60 | 346 (418 pd) | 30 | 98 (122 pd) | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 0.88 |
Days with presence of acid-base disturbances | 60 | 42 (418 pd) | 30 | 17 (122 pd) | 0.48 (0.27–0.84) | 0.010 |
Changes in intra-abdominal pressure | 60 | 250 (418 pd) | 30 | 53 (122 pd) | 1.21 (0.68–2.13) | 0.51 |
Diarrhea due to medication | 60 | 18 (418 pd) | 30 | 0 (122 pd) | nd | |
Days with drug interfering with the passage of nutrition | 60 | 150 (418 pd) | 30 | 26 (122 pd) | 1.50 (0.76–2.95) | 0.25 |
Number of events outside the 4.5–10 mmol/l glycemic range | 60 | 748 (418 pd) | 30 | 259 (122 pd) | 0.58 (0.34–1.01) | 0.05 |
Number of events above the 4.5–10 mmol/l glycemic range | 60 | 738 (418 pd) | 30 | 259 (122 pd) | 0.58 (0.33–1.00) | 0.05 |
Number of events below the 4.5–10 mmol/l glycemic range | 60 | 10 (418 pd) | 30 | 0 (122 pd) | nd | |
Secondary infections | 60 | 28 (418 pd) | 30 | 10 (122 pd) | 0.66 (0.36–1.20) | 0.17 |
Days with mechanical ventilation | 60 | 242 (418 pd) | 30 | 68 (122 pd) | 0.98 (0.78–1.24) | 0.86 |
n | Median time (95% CI) | n | Median time (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
Length of EN, days | 60 | 8.0 (5.9–10.1) | 30 | 4.0 (2.9–5.1) | 0.36 (0.20–0.64) | <0.001 |
Length of ICU stay, days | 60 | 11.0 (8.9–13.1) | 30 | 5.0 (3.8–6.2) | 0.40 (0.23–0.71) | 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay, days | 60 | 36.0 (29.6–42.4) | 30 | 31.0 (17.6–44.4) | 0.67 (0.33–1.39) | 0.29 |
Length of mechanical ventilation, days | 60 | 9.5 (6.0–13.1) | 30 | 3.9 (3.2–4.6) | 0.46 (0.27–0.81) | 0.006 |
Time to reach the full caloric goal, days | 60 | 1.9 (0.9–3.0) | 30 | 2.5 (1.7–3.3) | 1.11 (0.59–2.07) | 0.75 |