Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, Colby TV, Cordier JF, Flaherty KR, Lasky JA, Lynch DA, Ryu JH, Swigris JJ, Wells AU, Ancochea J, Bouros D, Carvalho C, Costabel U, Ebina M, Hansell DM, Johkoh T, Kim DS, King TE Jr, Kondoh Y, Myers J, Müller NL, Nicholson AG, Richeldi L, Selman M, Dudden RF, Griss BS, Protzko SL, Schünemann HJ, ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):788–824.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Collard HR, Moore BB, Flaherty KR, Brown KK, Kaner RJ, King TE Jr, Lasky JA, Loyd JE, Noth I, Olman MA, Raghu G, Roman J, Ryu JH, Zisman DA, Hunninghake GW, Colby TV, Egan JJ, Hansell DM, Johkoh T, Kaminski N, Kim DS, Kondoh Y, Lynch DA, Müller-Quernheim J, Myers JL, Nicholson AG, Selman M, Toews GB, Wells AU, Martinez FJ. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network Investigators. Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(7):636–43.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rush B, Wiskar K, Berger L, Griesdale D. The use of mechanical ventilation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the United States: a nationwide retrospective cohort analysis. Respir Med. 2016;111:72–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim DS, Park JH, Park BK, Lee JS, Nicholson AG, Colby T. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: frequency and clinical features. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(1):143–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Katzenstein AL, Bloor CM, Leibow AA. Diffuse alveolar damage—the role of oxygen, shock, and related factors. A review Am J Pathol. 1976;85(1):209–28.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cardinal-Fernández P, Bajwa EK, Dominguez-Calvo A, Menéndez JM, Papazian L, Thompson BT. The presence of diffuse alveolar damage on open lung biopsy is associated with mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2016;149(5):1155–64.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P, Rodriguez JM, Aramburu JA, Vargas-Errázuriz P, Martín-Pellicer A, Lorente JA, Frutos-Vivar F. Chronology of histological lesions in acute respiratory distress syndrome with diffuse alveolar damage: a prospective cohort study of clinical autopsies. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1(5):395–401.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kao KC, Hu HC, Chang CH, Hung CY, Chiu LC, Li SH, Lin SW, Chuang LP, Wang CW, Li LF, Chen NH, Yang CT, Huang CC, Tsai YH. Diffuse alveolar damage associated mortality in selected acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with open lung biopsy. Crit Care. 2015;19:228.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mallick S. Outcome of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ventilated in intensive care unit. Respir Med. 2008;102(10):1355–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Collard HR, Yow E, Richeldi L, Anstrom KJ, Glazer C, IPFnet investigators. Suspected acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Respir Res. 2013;14:73.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ryerson CJ, Cottin V, Brown KK, Collard HR. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: shifting the paradigm. Eur Respir J. 2005;46(2):512–20.
Article
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Kagouridis K, Kolilekas L, Karakatsani A, Korbila I, Giouleka P, Papadaki G, Maniati M, Bouros D, Manali ED. The new idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations document: one step ahead but still suspended in the air. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(2):267–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schupp JC, Binder H, Jäger B, Cillis G, Zissel G, Müller-Quernheim J, Prasse A. Macrophage activation in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One. 2015;10(1):e0116775.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Belperio JA, Keane MP, Burdick MD, Londhe V, Xue YY, Li K, Phillips RJ, Strieter RM. Critical role for CXCR2 and CXCR2 ligands during the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced lung injury. J Clin Invest. 2002;110(11):1703–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Donnelly SC, Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Walz A, Robertson CR, Carter DC, Grant IS, Pollok AJ, Haslett C. Interleukin-8 and development of adult respiratory distress syndrome in at-risk patient groups. Lancet. 1993;341(8846):643–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hirani N, Antonicelli F, Strieter RM, Wiesener MS, Ratcliffe PJ, Haslett C, Donnelly SC. The regulation of interleukin-8 by hypoxia in human macrophages—a potential role in the pathogenesis of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mol Med. 2001;7(10):685–97.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mora AL, Torres-González E, Rojas M, Corredor C, Ritzenthaler J, Xu J, Roman J, Brigham K, Stecenko A. Activation of alveolar macrophages via the alternative pathway in herpesvirus-induced lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2006;35(4):466–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Osterholzer JJ, Olszewski MA, Murdock BJ, Chen GH, Erb-Downward JR, Subbotina N, Browning K, Lin Y, Morey RE, Dayrit JK, Horowitz JC, Simon RH, Sisson TH. Implicating exudate macrophages and Ly-6C(high) monocytes in CCR2-dependent lung fibrosis following gene-targeted alveolar injury. J Immunol. 2013;190(7):3447–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Prasse A, Pechkovsky DV, Toews GB, Jungraithmayr W, Kollert F, Goldmann T, Vollmer E, Müller-Quernheim J, Zissel G. A vicious circle of alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts perpetuates pulmonary fibrosis via CCL18. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(7):781–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balestro E, Calabrese F, Turato G, Lunardi F, Bazzan E, Marulli G, Biondini D, Rossi E, Sanduzzi A, Rea F, Rigobello C, Gregori D, Baraldo S, Spagnolo P, Cosio MG, Saetta M. Immune inflammation and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One. 2006;11(5):e0154516.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Tomos IP, Karakatsani A, Spathis A, Korbila I, Analitis A, Kolilekas L, Kagouridis K, Loukides S, Karakitsos P, Manali ED. High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 characterize early-on Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations. Cytokine. 2017;102:168-72.
Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(22):2126–36.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neto AS, Simonis FD, Barbas CS, et al. Lung-protective ventilation with low tidal volumes and the occurrence of pulmonary complications in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(10):2155–63.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Petrucci N, De Feo C. Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD003844.
Google Scholar
Gattinoni L, Carlesso E, Caironi P. Stress and strain within the lung. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2002;18(1):42–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Protti A, Cressoni M, Santini A, Langer T, Mietto C, Febres D, Chierichetti M, Coppola S, Conte G, Gatti S, Leopardi O, Masson S, Lombardi L, Lazzerini M, Rampoldi E, Cadringher P, Gattinoni L. Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation: any safe threshold? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(10):1354–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Cadringher P, Caironi P, Valenza F, Polli F, Tallarini F, Cozzi P, Cressoni M, Colombo A, Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Lung stress and strain during mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(4):346–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mauri T, Yoshida T, Bellani G, Goligher EC, Carteaux G, Rittayamai N, Mojoli F, Chiumello D, Piquilloud L, Grasso S, Jubran A, Laghi F, Magder S, Pesenti A, Loring S, Gattinoni L, Talmor D, Blanch L, Amato M, Chen L, Brochard L, Mancebo J, PLeUral pressure working Group (PLUG—Acute Respiratory Failure section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine). Esophageal and transpulmonary pressure in the clinical setting: meaning, usefulness and perspectives. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(9):1360–73.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pitsiou G, Trigonis I, Tsiata E, Kontou P, Manolakoglou N, Stanopoulos I, et al. Argyropoulou (Thessaloniki, Greece) outcome of patients with pulmonary fibrosis admitted to the ICU for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2006;(28 Suppl).
Pelosi P, Cereda M, Foti G, Giacomini M, Pesenti A. Alterations of lung and chest wall mechanics in patients with acute lung injury: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152(2):531–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Carlesso E, Valenza F. Bench-to-bedside review: chest wall elastance in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Crit Care. 2004;8(5):350–5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ranieri VM, Brienza N, Santostasi S, Puntillo F, Mascia L, Vitale N, Giuliani R, Memeo V, Bruno F, Fiore T, Brienza A, Slutsky AS. Impairment of lung and chest wall mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: role of abdominal distension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(4 Pt 1):1082–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cressoni M, Cadringher P, Chiurazzi C, Amini M, Gallazzi E, Marino A, Brioni M, Carlesso E, Chiumello D, Quintel M, Bugedo G, Gattinoni L. Lung inhomogeneity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(2):149–58.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Protti A, Andreis DT, Milesi M, et al. Lung anatomy, energy load, and ventilator-induced lung injury. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2015;3(1):34.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gattinoni L, Tonetti T, Cressoni M, et al. Ventilator-related causes of lung injury: the mechanical power. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(10):1567–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nava S, Rubini F. Lung and chest wall mechanics in ventilated patients with end stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax. 1999;54(5):390–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lutz D, Gazdhar A, Lopez-Rodriguez E, Ruppert C, Mahavadi P, Günther A, Klepetko W, Bates JH, Smith B, Geiser T, Ochs M, Knudsen L. Alveolar derecruitment and collapse induration as crucial mechanisms in lung injury and fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015;52(2):232–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kolilekas L, et al. Clinical review: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations—unravelling Ariadne’s thread. Crit Care. 2010;14(6):246.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kondoh Y, Cottin V, Brown KK. Recent lessons learned in the management of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev. 2017;26(145):170050.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aliberti S, Messinesi G, Gamberini S, Maggiolini S, et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:194.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Kagouridis K, Kolilekas L, Bouros D, Manali ED. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations: where are we now? Expert Rev Respir Med. 2014;8(3):271–3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, van Haren F, Larsson A, McAuley DF, Ranieri M, Rubenfeld G, Thompson BT, Wrigge H, Slutsky AS, Pesenti A, LUNG SAFE Investigators; ESICM Trials Group. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA. 2016;315(8):788–800.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Maniati M, Kagouridis K, Kolilekas L, Triantafillidou C, Papadaki G, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations: time to “turn the screw”. Cambridge: Treatment Strategies Cambridge Research Centre; 2014. pp. 47-9.
Terragni PP, Rosboch G, Tealdi A, et al. Tidal hyperinflation during low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(2):160–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, Penot-Ragon C, Perrin G, Loundou A, Jaber S, Arnal JM, Perez D, Seghboyan JM, Constantin JM, Courant P, Lefrant JY, Guérin C, Prat G, Morange S, Roch A. ACURASYS Study Investigators. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1107–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fernández-Pérez ER, Yilmaz M, Jenad H, Daniels CE, Ryu JH, Hubmayr RD, Gajic O. Ventilator settings and outcome of respiratory failure in chronic interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2008;133(5):1113–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kallet RH. A comprehensive review of prone position in ARDS. Respir Care. 2015;60(11):1660–87.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blanch L, Mancebo J, Perez M, Martinez M, Mas A, Betbese AJ, Joseph D, Ballús J, Lucangelo U, Bak E. Short-term effects of prone position in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 1997;23(10):1033–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frat JP, et al. High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(23):2185–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, Beuret P, Gacouin A, Boulain T, Mercier E, Badet M, Mercat A, Baudin O, Clavel M, Chatellier D, Jaber S, Rosselli S, Mancebo J, Sirodot M, Hilbert G, Bengler C, Richecoeur J, Gainnier M, Bayle F, Bourdin G, Leray V, Girard R, Baboi L, Ayzac L, PROSEVA Study Group. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159–68.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Nakos G, Tsangaris I, Kostanti E, Nathanail C, Lachana A, Koulouras V, Kastani D. Effect of the prone position on patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema compared with patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(2 Pt 1):360–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Putensen C, Muders T, Varelmann D, Wrigge H. The impact of spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12(1):13–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yoshida T, Uchiyama A, Matsuura N, Mashimo T, Fujino Y. The comparison of spontaneous breathing and muscle paralysis in two different severities of experimental lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):536–45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carvalho NC, Güldner A, Beda A, et al. Higher levels of spontaneous breathing reduce lung injury in experimental moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(11):e702–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brochard L, Slutsky A, Pesenti A. Mechanical ventilation to minimize progression of lung injury in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;195(4):438–42.
Article
Google Scholar
Bellani G, Grasselli G, Teggia-Droghi M, Mauri T, Coppadoro A, Brochard L, Pesenti A. Do spontaneous and mechanical breathing have similar effects on average transpulmonary and alveolar pressure? A clinical crossover study. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):142.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Yoshida T, Fujino Y, Amato MB, Kavanagh BP. Fifty years of research in ARDS. Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation—risks, mechanisms & management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;195(8):985–92.
Article
Google Scholar
Yoshida T, Torsani V, Gomes S, De Santis RR, Beraldo MA, Costa EL, Tucci MR, Zin WA, Kavanagh BP, Amato MB. Spontaneous effort causes occult pendelluft during mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(12):1420–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horio Y, et al. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia: a case series. Respir Investig. 2016;54(2):125–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brodie D, Bacchetta M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for ARDS in adults. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(20):1905–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Neto SA, for the ReVA Research Network and the PROVE Network Investigators. Associations between ventilator settings during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory hypoxemia and outcome in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled individual patient data analysis: mechanical ventilation during ECMO. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(11):1672–84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Singer JP, Blanc PD, Hoopes C, Golden JA, Koff JL, Leard LE, Cheng S, Chen H. The impact of pretransplant mechanical ventilation on short- and long-term survival after lung transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2011;11:2197–204.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fuehner T, Kuehn C, Hadem J, Wiesner O, Gottlieb J, Tudorache I, Olsson KM, Greer M, Sommer W, Welte T, Haverich A, Hoeper MM, Warnecke G. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in awake patients as bridge to lung transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:763–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chiumello D, Coppola S, Froio S, Colombo A, Del Sorbo L. Extracorporeal life support as bridge to lung transplantation: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2015;19:19.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Meduri GU, Headley S, Kohler G, Stentz F, Tolley E, Umberger R, Leeper K. Persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokines predicts a poor outcome in ARDS. Plasma IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels are consistent and efficient predictors of outcome over time. Chest. 1995;107(4):1062–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB, Hough CL, Lanken PN, Hyzy R, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(16):1671–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tajima S, Oshikawa K, Tominaga S, Sugiyama Y. The increase in serum soluble ST2 protein upon acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 2003;124(4):1206–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Juarez MM, Chan AL, Norris AG, Morrissey BM, Albertson TE. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis—a review of current and novel pharmacotherapies. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(3):499–519.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kolilekas L, Triantafillidou C, Tsangaris I, Kagouridis K. Steroids in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbation: defenders or killers? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:587–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cottin V, Crestani B, Valeyre D, Wallaert B, Cadranel J, Dalphin JC, Delaval P, Israel-Biet D, Kessler R, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Aguilaniu B, Bouquillon B, Carré P, Danel C, Faivre JB, Ferretti G, Just N, Kouzan S, Lebargy F, Marchand-Adam S, Philippe B, Prévot G, Stach B, Thivolet-Béjui F, Cordier JF, French National Reference Centre; Network of Competence Centres for Rare Lung Diseases. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: French practical guidelines. Eur Respir Rev. 2014;23(132):193–214.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morawiec E, Tillie-Leblond I, Pansini V, Salleron J, Remy-Jardin M, Wallaert B. Exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulses. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(6):1487–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Papiris SA, Kagouridis K, Kolilekas L, Papaioannou AI, Roussou A, Triantafillidou C, Baou K, Malagari K, Argentos S, Kotanidou A, Karakatsani A, Manali ED. Survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations: the non-steroid approach. BMC Pulm Med. 2015;15:162.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Richeldi L, Costabel U, Selman M, Kim DS, Hansell DM, Nicholson AG, Brown KK, Flaherty KR, Noble PW, Raghu G, et al. Efficacy of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1079–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, Azuma A, Brown KK, Costabel U, Cottin V, Flaherty KR, Hansell DM, Inoue Y, Kim DS, Kolb M, Nicholson AG, Noble PW, Selman M, Taniguchi H, Brun M, Le Maulf F, Girard M, Stowasser S, Schlenker-Herceg R, Disse B, Collard HR, INPULSIS Trial Investigators. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(22):2071–82.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Azuma A, Nukiwa T, Tsuboi E, Suga M, Abe S, Nakata K, Taguchi Y, Nagai S, Itoh H, Ohi M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1040–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taniguchi H, Ebina M, Kondoh Y, Ogura T, Azuma A, Suga M, Taguchi Y, Takahashi H, Nakata K, Sato A, Takeuchi M, Raghu G, Kudoh S, Nukiwa T. Pirfenidone Clinical Study Group in Japan. Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J. 2010;35:821–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee JS, Collard HR, Anstrom KJ, Martinez FJ, Noth I, Roberts RS, Yow E, Raghu G, IPFnet Investigators. Anti-acid treatment and disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an analysis of data from three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2013;1:369–76.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Akira M, Hamada H, Sakatani M, Kobayashi C, Nishioka M, Yamamoto S. CT findings during phase of accelerated deterioration in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;168:79–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Al-Hameed FM, Sharma S. Outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Can Respir J. 2004;11:117–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suzuki H, Sekine Y, Yoshida S, Suzuki M, Shibuya K, Yonemori Y, Hiroshima K, Nakatani Y, Mizuno S, Takiguchi Y, et al. Risk of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on preoperative high-resolution computed tomography. Surg Today. 2011;41:914–21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tachikawa R, Tomii K, Ueda H, Nagata K, Nanjo S, Sakurai A, Otsuka K, Kaji R, Hayashi M, Katakami N, et al. Clinical features and outcome of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia: collagen vascular diseases-related versus idiopathic. Respiration. 2012;83:20–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akira M, Kozuka T, Yamamoto S, Sakatani M. Computed tomography findings in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:372–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fujimoto K, Taniguchi H, Johkoh T, Kondoh Y, Ichikado K, Sumikawa H, Ogura T, Kataoka K, Endo T, Kawaguchi A, et al. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: high-resolution CT scores predict mortality. Eur Radiol. 2012;22:83–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yokoyama T, Kondoh Y, Taniguchi H, Kataoka K, Kato K, Nishiyama O, Kimura T, Hasegawa R, Kubo K. Noninvasive ventilation in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2010;49:1509–14.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Homma S, Sakamoto S, Kawabata M, Kishi K, Tsuboi E, Motoi N, Yoshimura K. Cyclosporin treatment in steroid-resistant and acutely exacerbated interstitial pneumonia. Intern Med. 2005;44:1144–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Inase N, Sawada M, Ohtani Y, Miyake S, Isogai S, Sakashita H, Miyazaki Y, Yoshizawa Y. Cyclosporin A followed by the treatment of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with corticosteroid. Intern Med. 2003;42:565–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sakamoto S, Homma S, Miyamoto A, Kurosaki A, Fujii T, Yoshimura K. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2010;49:109–15.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abe S, Hayashi H, Seo Y, Matsuda K, Kamio K, Saito Y, Usuki J, Azuma A, Kudo S, Gemma A. Reduction in serum high mobility group box-1 level by polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with acute exacerbation. Blood Purif. 2011;32:310–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abe S, Azuma A, Mukae H, Ogura T, Taniguchi H, Bando M, Sugiyama Y. Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX) treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with acute exacerbation: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Intern Med. 2012;51:1487–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oishi K, Mimura-Kimura Y, Miyasho T, Aoe K, Ogata Y, Katayama H, Murata Y, Ueoka H, Matsumoto T, Mimura Y. Association between cytokine removal by polymyxin B hemoperfusion and improved pulmonary oxygenation in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cytokine. 2013;61:84–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Seo Y, Abe S, Kurahara M, Okada D, Saito Y, Usuki J, Azuma A, Koizumi K, Kudoh S. Beneficial effect of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column (PMX) hemoperfusion treatment on acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2006;45:1033–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tachibana K, Inoue Y, Nishiyama A, Sugimoto C, Matsumuro A, Hirose M, Kitaichi M, Akira M, Arai T, Hayashi S, et al. Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: serum IL-7 as a prognostic marker. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2011;28:113–22.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donahoe M, Valentine VG, Chien N, Gibson KF, Raval JS, Saul M, Xue J, Zhang Y, Duncan SR. Autoantibody-targeted treatments for acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0127771.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Horita N, Akahane M, Okada Y, Kobayashi Y, Arai T, Amano I, Takezawa T, To M, To Y. Tacrolimus and steroid treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Med. 2011;50:189–95.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kataoka K, Taniguchi H, Kondoh Y, Nishiyama O, Kimura T, Matsuda T, Yokoyama T, Sakamoto K, Ando M. Recombinant human thrombomodulin in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest. 2015;148:436–43.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsushima K, Yamaguchi K, Kono Y, Yokoyama T, Kubo K, Matsumura T, Ichimura Y, Abe M, Terada J, Tatsumi K. Thrombomodulin for acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a proof of concept study. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014;29:233–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Isshiki T, Sakamoto S, Kinoshita A, Sugino K, Kurosaki A, Homma S. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective study. Respiration. 2015;89:201–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kase Y, Obata T, Okamoto Y, et al. Removal of 2-arachidonylglycerol by direct hemoperfusion therapy with polymyxin B immobilized fibers benefits patients with septic shock. Ther Apher Dial. 2008;12:374–80.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cruz DN, Antonelli M, Fumagalli R, et al. Early use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in abdominal septic shock: the EUPHAS randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;301:2445–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nakamura T, Kawagoe Y, Matsuda T, et al. Effect of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber on blood metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Blood Purif. 2004;22:256–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Enomoto N, et al. Treatment of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column improves survival. BMC Pulm Med. 2015;15:15.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Keating D, Levvey B, Kotsimbos T, et al. Lung transplantation in pulmonary fibrosis: challenging early outcomes counterbalanced by surprisingly good outcomes beyond 15 years. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(1):289–91.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Orsini B, Sage E, Olland A, et al. High-emergency waiting list for lung transplantation: early results of a nation-based study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;46(3):e41–7. discussion e47
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gottlieb J, Warnecke G, Hadem J, Dierich M, et al. Outcome of critically ill lung transplant candidates on invasive respiratory support. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(6):968–75.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Molina-Molina M, Badia JR, Marín-Arguedas A, Xaubet A, et al. Outcomes and clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure admitted to an intensive care unit. A study of 20 cases. Med Clin. 2003;121(2):63–67.
Article
Google Scholar
Stern JB, Mal H, Groussard O, Brugière O, Marceau A, Jebrak G, Fournier M. Prognosis of patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis requiring mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Chest. 2001;120(1):213–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Blivet S, Philit F, Sab JM, Langevin B, Paret M, Guérin C, Robert D. Outcome of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis admitted to the ICU for respiratory failure. Chest. 2001;120(1):209–12.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Saydain G, Islam A, Afessa B, Ryu JH, Scott JP, Peters SG. Outcome of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis admitted to the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(6):839–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fumeaux T, Rothmeier C, Jolliet P. Outcome of mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(12):1868–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim DS, Park JH, Park BK, Lee JS, Nicholson AG, Colby T. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: frequency and clinical features. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(1):143–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rangappa P, Moran JL. Outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Crit Care Resusc. 2009;11(2):102–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fernández-Pérez ER, Yilmaz M, Jenad H, Daniels CE, et al. Ventilator Settings and Outcome of Respiratory Failure in Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease. Chest. 2008;133(5):1113–1119.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mollica C, Paone G, Conti V, Ceccarelli V, et al. Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with End-Stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Respir. 2010;79(3):209–215.
Article
Google Scholar
Gungor G, Tatar D, Salturk C, Cimen P, et al. Why Do Patients With Interstitial Lung Diseases Fail in the ICU? A 2-Center Cohort Study. Respir Care. 2013;58(3):525–531.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vianello A, Arcaro G, Battistella L, Pipitone E, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in the event of acute respiratory failure in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Crit Care. 2014;29(4):562–567.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gaudry S, Vincent S, Rabbat A, Nunes H, et al. Invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147(1):47–53.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aliberti S, Messinesi G, Gamberini S, Maggiolini S, et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with diffuse interstitial lung diseases. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14(1).