Metz DC: Potential uses of intravenous proton pump inhibitors to control gastric acid secretion. Digestion 2000, 62: 73-81. 10.1159/000007798
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fennerty MB: Pathophysiology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the critically ill patient: rationale for the therapeutic benefits of acid suppression. Crit Care Med 2002, 30: S351-S355. 10.1097/00003246-200206001-00002
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cook DJ, Griffith LE, Walter SD, Guyatt GH, Meade MO, Heyland DK, Kirby A, Tryba M: The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2001, 5: 368-375. 10.1186/cc1071
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
ASHP Therapeutic Guidelines on Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis. ASHP Commission on Therapeutics and approved by the ASHP Board of Directors on November 14, 1998 Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999, 56: 347-379.
Tryba M, Cook D: Current guidelines on stress ulcer prophylaxis. Drugs 1997, 54: 581-596.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Institute for Healthcare Improvement: resources[http://www.ihi.org/resources/]
Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H, Gerlach H, Calandra T, Cohen J, Gea-Banacloche J, Keh D, Marshall JC, Parker MM, et al.: Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2004, 4: 536-555. [http://www.survivingsepsis.com/treatments.html]
Google Scholar
Cook D, Guyatt G, Marshall J, Leasa D, Fuller H, Hall R, Peters S, Rutledge F, Griffith L, McLellan A, et al.: A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1998, 338: 791-797. 10.1056/NEJM199803193381203
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vincent JL, de Mendonca A, Cantraine F, Moreno R, Takala J, Suter PM, Sprung CL, Colardyn F, Blecher S: Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: results of a multicenter, prospective study. Working group on 'sepsis-related problems' of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 1998, 26: 1793-1800.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, de Mendonca A, Bruining H, Reinhart CK, Suter PM, Thijs LG: The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 1996, 22: 707-710. 10.1007/s001340050156
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacLaren R, Jarvis CL, Fish DN: Use of enteral nutrition for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Ann Pharmacother 2001, 35: 1614-1623. 10.1345/aph.1A083
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hastings PR, Skillman JJ, Bushnell LS, Silen W: Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a controlled, randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 1978, 298: 1041-1045.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aris R, Karlstadt R, Paoletti V, Blatcher B, McDevitt J: Intermittent intravenous pantoprazole achieves a similar onset time to pH > 4.0 in ICU patients as continuous infusion H2-receptor antagonist, without tolerance [abstract]. Am J Gastroenterol 2001,96(Suppl):147.
Google Scholar
Geus WP: Are there indications for intravenous acid-inhibition in the prevention and treatment of upper GI bleeding? Scand J Gastroenterol 2000,232(Suppl):10-20.
Google Scholar
Lam NP, Le PT, Crawford SY, Patel S: National survey of stress ulcer prophylaxis. Crit Care Med 1999, 27: 98-103. 10.1097/00003246-199901000-00034
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smythe MA, Zarowitz BJ: Changing perspectives of stress gastritis prophylaxis. Ann Pharmacother 1994, 28: 1073-1085.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller SJ, Simpson J: Medication–nutrient interactions: hypophosphatemia associated with sucralfate in the intensive care unit. Nutr Clin Pract 1991, 6: 199-201.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krupp KB, Johns P, Troncoso V: Esophageal bezoar formation in a tube-fed patient receiving sucralfate and antacid therapy: a case report. Gastroenterol Nurs 1995, 18: 46-48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hemstreet BA: Use of sucralfate in renal failure. Ann Pharmacother 2001, 35: 360-364. 10.1345/aph.10117
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pai S, Melethil S, Cuddy P, Hall T: Elevation of serum aluminum in humans on a two-day sucralfate regimen. J Clin Pharmacol 1987, 27: 213-215.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leung AC, Henderson IS, Halls DJ, Dobbie JW: Aluminium hydroxide versus sucralfate as a phosphate binder in uraemia. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983, 286: 1379-1381.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Robertson JA, Salusky IB, Goodman WG, Norris KC, Coburn JW: Sucralfate, intestinal aluminum absorption, and aluminum toxicity in a patient on dialysis. Ann Intern Med 1989, 111: 179-181.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rey AM, Gums JG: Altered absorption of digoxin, sustained-release quinidine, and warfarin with sucralfate administration. DICP 1991, 25: 745-746.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smart HL, Somerville KW, Williams J, Richens A, Langman MJ: The effects of sucralfate upon phenytoin absorption in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985, 20: 238-240.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Summary of product characteristics – sucralfate[http://emc.medicines.org.uk/]
Bresalier RS, Grendell JH, Cello JP, Meyer AA: Sucralfate suspensionversus titrated antacid for the prevention of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients. Am J Med 1987, 83: 110-116. 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90839-4
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Borrero E, Margolis IB, Bank S, Shulman N, Chardavoyne R: Antacid versus sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients. Am J Surg 1984, 148: 809-812. 10.1016/0002-9610(84)90443-4
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Somberg L, Karlstadt R, Gallagher K, McDevitt J, Graepel J, Paoletti V: Intravenous pantoprazole rapidly achieves pH greater than 4.0 in ICU patients without development of tolerance [abstract]. Gastroenterology 2001, 120: A157.
Article
Google Scholar
Huggins RM, Scates AC, Latour JK: Intravenous proton-pump inhibitors versus H2-antagonists for treatment of GI bleeding. Ann Pharmacother 2003, 37: 433-437. 10.1345/aph.1C115
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mathot RA, Geus WP: Pharmacodynamic modeling of the acid inhibitory effect of ranitidine in patients in an intensive care unit during prolonged dosing: characterization of tolerance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999, 66: 140-151.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sandvik AK, Brenna E, Waldum HL: Review article: the pharmacological inhibition of gastric acid secretion – tolerance and rebound. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997, 11: 1013-1018. 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1997.00257.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Merki HS, Wilder-Smith CH: Do continuous infusions of omeprazole and ranitidine retain their effect with prolonged dosing? Gastroenterology 1994, 106: 60-64.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wade EE, Rebuck JA, Healey MA, Rogers FB: H
2
antagonist-induced thrombocytopenia: is this a real phenomenon? Intensive Care Med 2002, 28: 459-465. 10.1007/s00134-002-1233-6
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fisher AA, Le Couteur DG: Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of histamine H2 receptor antagonists. Drug Saf 2001, 24: 39-57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garg DC, Baltodano N, Jallad NS, Perez G, Oster JR, Eshelman FN, Weidler DJ: Pharmacokinetics of ranitidine in patients with renal failure. J Clin Pharmacol 1986, 26: 286-291.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shinn AF: Clinical relevance of cimetidine drug interactions. Drug Saf 1992, 7: 245-267.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Somogyi A, Muirhead M: Pharmacokinetic interactions of cimetidine. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987, 12: 321-366.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hendeles L, Jenkins J, Temple R: Revised FDA labeling guideline for theophylline oral dosage forms. Pharmacotherapy 1995, 15: 409-427.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamilton FA: Incidence and cost of hospital admissions secondary to drug interactions involving theophylline. Ann Pharmacother 1992, 26: 1507-1511.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Britton ML, Waller ES: Central nervous system toxicity associated with concurrent use of triazolam and cimetidine. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1985, 19: 666-668.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bauer LA, Black D, Gensler A: Procainamide–cimetidine drug interaction in elderly male patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990, 38: 467-469.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Feely J, Wilkinson GR, McAllister CB, Wood AJ: Increased toxicity and reduced clearance of lidocaine by cimetidine. Ann Intern Med 1982, 96: 592-594.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baciewicz AM, Baciewicz FA Jr: Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on cardiovascular drugs. Am Heart J 1989, 118: 144-154. 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90085-9
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Richards DA: Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and ranitidine. J Clin Gastroenterol 1983,5(Suppl 1):81-90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kirch W, Hoensch H, Janisch HD: Interactions and noninteractions with ranitidine. Clin Pharmacokinet 1984, 9: 493-510.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Murialdo G, Piovano PL, Costelli P, Fonzi S, Barberis A, Ghia M: Seizures during concomitant treatment with theophylline and ranitidine: a case report. Ann Ital Med Int 1990, 5: 413.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tse CST: Phenytoin concentration elevation subsequent to ranitidine administration. Ann Pharmacother 1993, 27: 1448-1451.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klotz U: Lack of effect of nizatidine on drug metabolism. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987,136(Suppl):18-23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cournot A, Berlin I, Sallord JC, Singlas E: Lack of interaction between nizatidine and warfarin during chronic administration. J Clin Pharmacol 1988, 28: 1120-1122.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Humphries TJ: Famotidine: a notable lack of drug interactions. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987,134(Suppl):55-60.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Richter JE, Campbell DR, Kahrilas PJ, Huang B, Fludas C: Lansoprazole compared with ranitidine for the treatment of nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160: 1803-1809. 10.1001/archinte.160.12.1803
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agrawal NM, Campbell DR, Safdi MA, Lukasik NL, Huang B, Haber MM: Superiority of lansoprazole vs ranitidine in healing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated gastric ulcers: results of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter study. NSAID-Associated Gastric Ulcer Study Group. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160: 1455-1461. 10.1001/archinte.160.10.1455
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jansen JB, Van-Oene JC: Standard-dose lansoprazole is more effective than high-dose ranitidine in achieving endoscopic healing and symptom relief in patients with moderately severe reflux oesophagitis. The Dutch Lansoprazole Study Group. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999, 13: 1611-1620. 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00656.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kovacs TO, Wilcox CM, Devault K, Miska D, Bochenek W: Comparison of the efficacy of pantoprazole vs. nizatidine in the treatment of erosive oesophagitis: a randomized, active-controlled, double-blind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002, 16: 2043-2052. 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01366.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meneghelli UG, Boaventura S, Moraes-Filho JP, Leitao O, Ferrari AP, Almeida JR, Magalhaes AF, Castro LP, Haddad MT, Tolentino M, et al.: Efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis and the influence of Helicobacter pylori infectionon healing rate. Dis Esophagus 2002, 15: 50-56. 10.1046/j.1442-2050.2002.00225.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaspari S, Biedermann A, Mey J: Comparison of pantoprazole 20 mg to ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. in the treatment of mild gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 2001, 63: 163-170. 10.1159/000051885
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Zyl JH, de KG, van Rensburg CJ, Retief FJ, O'Keefe SJ, Theron I, Fischer R, Bethke T: Efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg pantoprazole versus 300 mg ranitidine in patients with mild reflux-oesophagitis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, and multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000, 12: 197-202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meneghelli UG, Zaterka S, de Paula C, Malafaia O, Lyra LG: Pantoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer: a multicenter study in Brazil. Am J Gastroenterol 2000, 95: 62-66. 10.1016/S0002-9270(99)00804-7
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mears JM, Kaplan B: Proton pump inhibitors: new drugs and indications. Am Fam Physician 1996, 53: 285-292.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garnett WR: Considerations for long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1998, 55: 2268-2279.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Freston JW: Long-term acid control and proton pump inhibitors: interactions and safety issues in perspective. Am J Gastroenterol 1997, 92: 51S-55S.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Phillips JO, Olsen KM, Rebuck JA, Rangneker NJ, Miedema BW, Metzler MH: A randomized, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic, cross-over study of duodenal or jejunal administration of omeprazole suspension in patients at risk for stress ulcers. Am J Gastroenterol 2001, 96: 367-372. 10.1016/S0002-9270(00)02315-7
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Balaban DH, Duckworth CW, Peura DA: Nasogastric omeprazole: effects on gastric pH in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1997, 92: 79-83.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Levy MJ, Seelig CB, Robinson NJ, Ranney JE: Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Dig Dis Sci 1997, 42: 1255-1259. 10.1023/A:1018810325370
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roberts KW, Pitcher WD, Cryer B: Effects of lansoprazole suspension versus continuous intravenous ranitidine on gastric pH of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2000, 28: A185. 10.1006/biol.2000.0256
Google Scholar
Morris J, Karlstadt R, Blatcher D, Field D: Intermittent intravenous pantoprazole rapidly achieves and maintains gastric pH > 4.0 compared with continuous infusion H2-receptor antagonist in intensive care unit patients [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2001, 29: A147.
Article
Google Scholar
Phillips JO, Metzler MH, Palmieri TL, Huckfeldt RE, Dahl NG: A prospective study of simplified omeprazole suspension for the prophylaxis of stress-related mucosal damage. Crit Care Med 1996, 24: 1793-1800. 10.1097/00003246-199611000-00006
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lasky MR, Metzler MH, Phillips JO: A prospective study of omeprazole suspension to prevent clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding from stress ulcers in mechanically ventilated trauma patients. J Trauma 1998, 44: 527-533.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Phillips JO, Metzler MH, Huckfeldt RE, Olsen K: A multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trial of continuous infusion I.V. ranitidine vs omeprazole suspection in the prophylaxis of stress ulcers [abstract]. Crit Care Med 1998, 26: 101A.
Google Scholar
Cohen H, Baldwin SN, Mukherji R, Ramos L, Dasgupta S, DiGregorio RV, Popadopoulos J, Reilly J, Hayat L: A comparison of lansoprazole and sucralfate for the prophylaxis of stress-related mucosal damage in critically ill patients [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2000, 28: A185.
Article
Google Scholar
Laterre PF, Horsmans Y: Intravenous omeprazole in critically ill patients: a randomized, crossover study comparing 40 with 80 mg plus 8 mg/hour on intragastric pH. Crit Care Med 2001, 29: 1931-1935. 10.1097/00003246-200110000-00014
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Otani Y, Kitajima M, Sugiyama M, Watanabe Y, Aoki T: Inhibitory effects of intravenous lansoprazole on gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with postoperative stress. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995,20(Suppl 2):S22-S26.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huber R, Hartmann M, Bliesath H, Lühmann R, Steinijans VW, Zech K: Pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996, 34: S7-S16.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lins RL, De Clercq I, Hartmann M, Huber R, Bliesath H, Lühmann R, Wurst W: Pharmacokinetics of the proton pump inhibitor Pantoprazole in patients with severe renal impairment [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994,106(Suppl 4):A126.
Google Scholar
Kliem V: Pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole in hemodialysis patients [abstract]. Kidney Int 1995, 47: 984.
Google Scholar
Cheer SM, Prakash A, Faulds D, Lamb HM: Pantoprazole: an update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in the management of acid-related disorders. Drugs 2003, 63: 101-133.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zech K, Steinijans VW, Huber R, Kolassa N, Radtke HW: Pharmacokinetics and drug interactions–relevant factors for the choice of a drug. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996,34(Suppl):S3-S6.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Meyer UA: Metabolic interactions of the proton-pump inhibitors lansoprazole, omeprazole and pantoprazole with other drugs. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996,8(Suppl 1):S21-S25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tucker GT: The interaction of proton pump inhibitors with cytochromes P450. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994,8(Suppl 1):33-38.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kokufu T, Ihara N, Sugioka N, Koyama H, Ohta T, Mori S, Nakajima K: Effects of lansoprazole on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of theophylline. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995, 48: 391-395. 10.1007/BF00194956
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granneman GR, Karol MD, Locke CS, Cavanaugh JH: Pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole and theophylline. Ther Drug Monit 1995, 17: 460-464.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar