Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
From: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in intensive care units: a multicenter study by ESGCIP and EFISG
Variable* | Total n = 600 (100) | Patients with presumptive/proven PJP n = 115 (19.2) | Patients without PJP n = 444 (74.0) | Patients with PJP diagnosis inconclusive n = 41 (6.8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age in years, median (IQR) | 61 (52–70) | 60 (49–70) | 62 (53–71) | 61 (56–69) |
Female sex | 203 (33.8) | 35 (30.4) | 156 (35.1) | 12 (29.3) |
Medical history | Â | Â | Â | Â |
HIV infection (missing = 10) | 52 (8.8) | 22 (19.5) | 26 (6.0) | 4 (9.8) |
AIDS (missing = 12) | 34 (5.8) | 19 (17.0) | 12 (2.8) | 3 (7.3) |
Solid organ transplant (missing = 3) | 60 (10.0) | 6 (5.2) | 47 (10.7) | 7 (17.5) |
 Liver | 15 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 14 (3.2) | 1 (2.5) |
 Kidney | 27 (4.5) | 5 (4.3) | 19 (4.3) | 3 (7.5) |
 Lung | 9 (1.5) | 1 (0.9) | 7 (1.6) | 1 (2.5) |
 Heart | 9 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (1.6) | 2 (5.0) |
 Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Hematological malignancy (missing = 2) | 139 (23.2) | 36 (31.3) | 93 (21.0) | 10 (25.0) |
AML | 43 (7.2) | 4 (3.4) | 38 (8.6) | 1 (2.5) |
ALL | 9 (1.5) | 3 (2.6) | 6 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
Hodgkin lymphoma | 8 (1.3) | 2 (1.7) | 5 (1.1) | 1 (2.5) |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 34 (5.7) | 16 (13.9) | 13 (2.9) | 5 (12.5) |
Other | 42 (7.0) | 8 (6.9) | 31 (7.0) | 3 (7.5) |
HSCT (missing = 4) | 57 (9.6) | 12 (10.4) | 42 (9.5) | 3 (30.0) |
Inflammatory disease (missing = 3) | 93 (15.5) | 17 (14.8) | 63 (14.3) | 13 (31.7) |
 Rheumatoid arthritis | 15 (2.5) | 3 (2.6) | 9 (2.0) | 3 (7.3) |
 Systemic lupus erythematosus | 8 (1.3) | 1 (0.9) | 7 (1.6) | 0 (0) |
 Polymyositis-dermatomyositis | 7 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.1) | 2 (5.0) |
 Inflammatory bowel disease | 4 (0.7) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
 Scleroderma | 5 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.7) | 2 (5.0) |
 Vasculitis | 9 (1.5) | 4 (3.4) | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0) |
 Mixed connective tissue disease | 8 (1.3) | 1 (0.9) | 6 (1.4) | 1 (2.4) |
 Autoimmune hepatitis | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
 Sarcoidosis | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0) |
 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 3 (0.5) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) |
 Myasthenia gravis | 5 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0) |
 Other | 23 (3.9) | 3 (2.6) | 15 (3.4) | 5 (12.2) |
Solid tumor (missing = 3) | 97 (16.2) | 28 (24.6) | 63 (14.2) | 6 (15.0) |
Metastatic solid tumor (missing = 6) | 35 (5.9) | 14 (12.6) | 20 (4.5) | 1 (2.5) |
COPD (missing = 9) | 68 (11.5) | 11 (9.6) | 51 (11.7) | 6 (15.0) |
Chronic pulmonary diseases other than COPD | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(missing = 12) | 64 (10.8) | 9 (8.0) | 48 (11.0) | 7 (17.9) |
 Asthma | 16 (2.7) | 2 (1.8) | 12 (2.8) | 2 (5.1) |
 Cystic fibrosis | 9 (1.5) | 1 (0.9) | 8 (1.8) | 0 (0) |
 Interstitial lung disease/pulmonary fibrosis | 20 (3.4) | 2 (1.8) | 13 (3.0) | 5 (12.8) |
 Other | 19 (3.2) | 4 (3.5) | 15 (3.4) | 0 (0) |
Chronic kidney disease (missing = 7) | 79 (13.3) | 13 (11.4) | 58 (13.2) | 8 (20.0) |
Chronic liver disease (missing = 6) | 55 (9.3) | 9 (7.9) | 44 (10.0) | 2 (5.0) |
NYHA score > 2 (missing = 42) | 84 (15.1) | 13 (14.1) | 65 (15.2) | 6 (15.8) |
Age-adjusted Charlson score, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (3–7) | 4 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) |
Previous major surgery (within 30 days) (missing = 14) | 56 (9.5) | 6 (5.4) | 48 (11.0) | 2 (5.0) |
Previous chemotherapy (within 30 days) (missing = 6) | 121 (20.4) | 39 (34.5) | 72 (16.4) | 10 (24.4) |
Previous radiotherapy (within 30 days) (missing = 8) | 19 (3.2) | 10 (8.8) | 8 (1.8) | 1 (2.5) |
Previous IVIG therapy (within 30 days) (missing = 24) | 27 (4.7) | 8 (7.5) | 17 (3.9) | 2 (5.3) |
Previous albumin therapy (within 30Â days) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(missing = 43) | 57 (10.2) | 7 (6.6) | 50 (11.9) | 0 (0) |
Previous blood transfusions (within 30Â days) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(missing = 46) | 108 (19.5) | 21 (20.0) | 84 (20.1) | 3 (9.7) |
PJP prophylaxis (missing data = 25) | 22 (3.8) | 1 (1.1) | 20 (4.5) | 1 (2.4) |
Clinical and laboratory data at the time of PJP diagnostic workup | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Length of hospital stay in days, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(missing = 44) | 8 (2–19) | 3 (1–10) | 9 (3–20) | 6 (1–16) |
Length of ICU stay in days, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(missing = 19) | 1 (0–6) | 0 (-1 to 1) | 2 (0–8) | 0 (-3 to 1) |
ARDS (missing = 37) | 287 (50.9) | 59 (57.8) | 222 (52.1) | 6 (17.1) |
Invasive mechanical ventilation (missing = 11) | 313 (53.1) | 45 (40.2) | 255 (58.5) | 13 (31.7) |
SOFA score, median (IQR) (missing = 4) | 6 (4–9) | 8 (4–10) | 7 (4–9) | 4 (3–5) |
Septic shock (missing = 32) | 164 (28.9) | 29 (29.0) | 130 (30.9) | 5 (13.2) |
CRRT (missing = 28) | 62 (10.8) | 8 (7.5) | 53 (12.3) | 1 (2.8) |
CT scan performed (missing = 18) | 329 (56.5) | 69 (62.2) | 230 (53.5) | 30 (73.2) |
 No ground-glass opacities | 23 (3.9) | 0 (0) | 23 (5.3) | 0 (0) |
 Unilateral ground-glass opacities | 8 (1.4) | 3 (2.7) | 4 (0.9) | 1 (2.4) |
 Bilateral ground-glass opacities | 86 (14.8) | 22 (19.8) | 46 (10.7) | 18 (43.9) |
 Unilateral ground-glass and consolidations | 20 (3.4) | 1 (0.9) | 19 (4.4) | 0 (0) |
 Bilateral ground-glass and consolidations | 185 (31.8) | 39 (35.1) | 136 (31.6) | 10 (24.4) |
Blood neutrophil count in cells × 10–3/mm3, median (IQR) (missing = 63) | 7.2 (4.1–12.2) | 6 (3.2–10.8) | 7.7 (4.5–13.1) | 6.0 (4.0–9.7) |
Blood lymphocyte count in cells × 10–3/mm3, median (IQR) (missing = 120) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.73 (0.5–1.2) |
Serum CRP in mg/L, median (IQR) (missing = 49) | 96 (23–187) | 115.5 (42.3–217.5) | 83 (20–179) | 127 (36.5–193.0) |
Serum PCT in ng/mL, median (IQR) (missing = 179) | 0.86 (0.2–4.4) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 1 (0.3–5.7) | 0.4 (0.1–6.1) |