Table 2 Patient characteristics associated with LST limitations
Factor | Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | < 0.001 | ||
[16–65) | – | – | |
[65–75) | 2.50 (1.93 to 3.23) | 2.00 (1.51 to 2.65) | < 0.001 |
[75–91] | 10.19 (7.64 to 13.59) | 8.28 (5.94 to 11.54) | < 0.001 |
Female | 1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) | 0.91 (0.69 to 1.20) | 0.507 |
Nursing home resident | 3.86 (2.11 to 7.06) | 1.41 (0.65 to 3.07)] | 0.381 |
Clinical frailty scale score | < 0.001 | ||
[1–3] | – | – | |
(3–4] | 3.28 (2.42 to 4.45) | 1.61 (1.11 to 2.32) | 0.012 |
(4–10] | 6.21 (4.27 to 9.03) | 3.03 (1.89 to 4.83) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m−2 | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) | 0.92 (0.71 to 1.19) | 0.529 |
Hypertension | 1.81 (1.47 to 2.23) | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.37) | 0.647 |
Diabetes | 1.64 (1.32 to 2.04) | 1.39 (1.06 to 1.81) | 0.016 |
Coronary artery disease | 2.59 (1.96 to 3.41) | 1.31 (0.93 to 1.85) | 0.119 |
Chronic heart failure | 4.25 (2.85 to 6.33) | 1.80 (1.11 to 2.91) | 0.016 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 1.65 (1.31 to 2.09) | 1.26 (0.95 to 1.65) | 0.105 |
Immunodeficiency | 1.61 (1.13 to 2.30) | 1.44 (0.95 to 2.19) | 0.086 |
Chronic renal failure | 0.573 | ||
None | – | – | |
Yes w/o dialysis | 2.32 (1.65 to 3.24) | 1.13 (0.74 to 1.73) | 0.578 |
Chronic dialysis | 2.21 (1.27 to 3.86) | 1.43 (0.72 to 2.86) | 0.311 |
Hematological malignancy | 1.99 (1.32 to 3.01) | 1.77 (1.09 to 2.88) | 0.020 |
Period of admission | 0.106 | ||
Before March 15, 2020 | – | – | |
March 16 to 31, 2020 | 0.51 (0.35 to 0.73) | 0.73 (0.47 to 1.14) | 0.164 |
April 1 to 15, 2020 | 0.36 (0.24 to 0.55) | 0.55 (0.33 to 0.92) | 0.021 |
After April 16, 2020 | 0.47 (0.26 to 0.83) | 0.58 (0.29 to 1.13) | 0.110 |
Time since 1st symptom | 0.003 | ||
< 4 days | – | – | |
4–7 days | 0.78 (0.56 to 1.08) | 1.02 (0.70 to 1.50) | 0.902 |
≥ 8 days | 0.42 (0.30 to 0.58) | 0.67 (0.46 to 0.98) | 0.041 |
ICU load (%) | 0.010 | ||
≤ 100 | – | – | |
(100–150] | 0.58 (0.43 to 0.78) | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.99) | 0.042 |
(150–200] | 0.47 (0.34 to 0.63) | 0.63 (0.44 to 0.91) | 0.014 |
> 200 | 0.57 (0.41 to 0.80) | 1.14 (0.75 to 1.73) | 0.533 |
First 24-h respiratory failure severity | < 0.001 | ||
Not intubated | – | – | |
Mild ARDS PF (200–600] | 1.64 (1.21 to 2.23) | 1.89 (1.27 to 2.81) | 0.002 |
Moderate ARDS PF (100–200] | 1.80 (1.37 to 2.37) | 2.03 (1.40 to 2.94) | < 0.001 |
Severe ARDS PF (0–100] | 3.23 (2.37 to 4.41) | 3.61 (2.42 to 5.37) | < 0.001 |
SOFA cardiovascular ≥ 3 | 1.84 (1.49 to 2.27) | 1.11 (0.83 to 1.48) | 0.499 |
SOFA renal ≥ 3 | 1.97 (1.39 to 2.80) | 1.39 (0.90 to 2.17) | 0.141 |