We thank site staff for recruitment and follow-up of participants, and the patients for participating in the trial. We thank Morten Tandberg Eriksen as representative of the sponsor (OUH). We also thank Stefano Vella (chair), Stuart Pocock, Guanhua Du, Donata Medaglini, Mike Jacobs, Sylvie van der Werf, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Karen Barnes, Patrick Yeni, Tim Collier, Catia Marzolini and Dafna Yahav for supporting the trial as members of the independent DSMB. Finally, we thank all members of the EU SolidAct study group listed in the online appendix. The writing committee is listed below.
Writing Committee:
Marius Trøseid1, MD PhD, Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
José R. Arribas1, MD PhD, Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Madrid, Spain.
Lambert Assoumou, PhD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France.
Aleksander Rygh Holten, MD PhD, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Julien Poissy, MD PhD, Lille University, Lille, France/CHU Lille - Hôpital Roger Salengro, Lille, France,
L’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Paris, France.
Vida Terzić, PhD, ANRS | Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, F-75015 Paris, France, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France.
Fulvia Mazzaferri, MD PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Jesús Rodríguez Baño, MD PhD, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and Department of Medicine, Seville, Spain, University of Sevilla and Biomedicines Institute of Seville (IBiS)/CSIC, Seville, Spain, CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Joe Eustace, MD PhD, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Maya Hites, MD PhD, Brussels University Hospital-Erasme, Brussels, Belgium, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Michael Joannidis, MD PhD, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
José-Artur Paiva, MD PhD, Intensive Care Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Jean Reuter, MD PhD, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Service de Réanimation-Soins Intensifs, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Isabel Püntmann, MD PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Gesundheit Nord gGmbH, Bremen, Germany.
Thale DJH Patrick-Brown, MSc, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Elin Westerheim, MSc, Section for Monitoring, Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Katerina Nezvalova-Henriksen, PhD, Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital and Oslo Hospital Pharmacy, Oslo, Norway.
Lydie Beniguel, PhD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France.
Tuva Børresdatter Dahl, PhD, Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, PharmD PhD, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux de Lyon, Centre National de Reference des Virus des Infections Respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69317, Lyon, France.
Monika Halanova, MD PhD, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
Zoltán Péterfi, MD PhD, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Sotirios Tsiodras, MD PhD, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, University Hospital of Athens Attikon, Athens, Greece.
Michael Rezek, MD PhD, St. Anne University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
Matthias Briel, MD PhD, Swiss Clinical Trial Organisation and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Serhat Ünal, MD PhD, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Martin Schlegel, MD PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
Florence Ader, MD PhD, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Département des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, F-69004, Lyon, France, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
Karine Lacombe, MD PhD, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre-Louis d'Épidemiologie et de Santé Publique, INSERM, F-75013, Paris, France, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, F-75012 Paris, France.
Cecilie Delphin Amdal, PhD, Research support service and Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Serge Rodrigues, PhD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France.
Kristian Tonby, MD PhD, Deptartment of Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Alexandre Gaudet, MD PhD, Critical Care Center, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
Lars Heggelund, MD PhD, Medical Department, Drammen hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway and the Department of Clinical science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Joy Mootien, MD PhD, Service, de réanimation médiale, GHRMSA Hopital Emile Muller, Mulhouse, France.
Asgeir Johannessen, MD PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Jannicke Horjen Møller, MD, Intensive Care Unit, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
Beatriz Diaz Pollan, PhD, Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, IdiPAZ, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
Anders Aune Tveita, MD PhD, Department of medicine, Vestre Viken, Bærum Hospital, Bærum, Norway.
Anders Benjamin Kildal, MD PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Jean-Christophe Richard, MD PhD, Service de médecine intensive-réanimation, Hôpital de la Croix - Rousse - HCL Lyon, France, CREATIS INSERM U1206-CNRS UMR 5220, Lyon, France.
Olav Dalgard, MD PhD, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Victoria Charlotte Simensen, MD, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Health Services, Department of Global Health, Oslo, Norway.
Aliou Baldé, PhD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France.
Lucie de Gastines, PharmD, ANRS | Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, F-75015 Paris, France, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France.
Marta del Álamo, PhD, ECRIN, Paris, France.
Burç Aydin, PhD, ECRIN, Paris, France.
Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, PhD, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Mary-Anne Trabaud, PhD, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux de Lyon, Centre National de Reference des Virus Respiratoires France Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69317, Lyon, France.
Alpha Diallo, MD, MPH, ANRS | Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, F-75015 Paris, France, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France.
Bente Halvorsen, PhD, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
John-Arne Røttingen, MD PhD, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Evelina Tacconelli2, MD PhD, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Yazdan Yazdanpanah2, MD PhD, Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, F-75018 Paris, France.
Inge C. Olsen3, PhD, Department of Research Support for Clinical Trials, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Dominique Costagliola3, PhD, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France