Table 2 Primary and secondary clinical outcomes

Primary

NE dose (μg/kg/min)

0.582 (0.458–0.84)

0.482 (0.363–0.835)

0.362 (0.244–0.763)

0.052

0.598 (0.549–0.867)

0.335 (0.208–0.444)

0.183 (0.067–0.337)

 < 0.0001

–

0.626

0.004

0.012

Absolute ΔNE dose 0–6 h (μg/kg/min)

 − 0.08 (− 0.242 to 0.06)

–

–

–

–

 − 0.317 (− 0.554 to − 0.133)

–

–

–

–

0.003

–

–

–

Relative ΔNE dose 0–6 h (%)

 − 9.7 (− 31.7 to 13.8)

–

–

–

–

 − 47.5 (− 71.6 to − 26.1)

–

–

–

–

0.001

–

–

–

Secondary

Absolute ΔNE dose 0–24 h (μg/kg/min)

 − 0.121 (− 0.306 to 0.095)

–

–

–

–

 − 0.463 (− 0.725 to − 0.314)

–

–

–

–

0.001

–

–

–

Relative ΔNE dose 0–24 h (%)

 − 24 (− 63.2 to 11)

–

–

–

–

 − 71.5 (− 89 to − 58.4)

–

–

–

–

 < 0.0001

–

–

–

VIS Score (points)

–

61 (46–85)

62 (41–146)

37 (24–120)

0.227

–

60 (55–87)

31 (21–43)

23 (13–38)

 < 0.0001

–

0.698

 < 0.0001

0.028

Absolute ΔVIS Score 0–6 h (points)

 − 4 (− 24 to 37)

–

–

–

–

 − 39 (− 58 to − 16)

–

–

–

–

0.0001

–

–

–

Relative ΔVIS Score 0–6 h (%)

 − 6 (− 36.4 to 39.5)

–

–

–

–

 − 53.6 (− 73.4 to − 30.7)

–

–

–

–

 < 0.0001

–

–

–

Absolute ΔVIS Score 0–24 h (points)

 − 14 (− 31 to 61)

–

–

–

–

 − 42 (− 62 to − 29)

–

–

–

–

0.003

–

–

–

Relative ΔVIS Score 0–24 h (%)

 − 25.9 (− 63.2 to 62)

–

–

–

–

 − 70.7 (− 78.7 to − 53.6)

–

–

–

–

0.002

–

–

–

Mean SOFA Score d1-9 (points)

19 (15–24)

–

–

–

–

17 (12–21)

–

–

–

–

0.194

–

–

–

28-day Mortality (%)

10/20 (50)

–

–

–

–

8/20 (40)

–

–

–

–

0.437

–

–

–

Lactate (mmol/l)

–

4.4 (2.6–6.9)

4.3 (2.1–6.1)

3.1 (1.9–6.7)

0.628

–

4 (2.6–5.9)

4.1 (2.1–5.9)

1.7 (1.3–3.1)

0.014

–

0.644

0.664

0.055

pO2/FiO2 (mmHg)

–

165 (74–227)

133 (100–205)

163 (91–216)

0.925

–

132 (98–278)

158 (125–241)

146 (119–259)

0.833

–

0.658

0.551

0.891

Fluid balance (ml)

–

–

 + 1720 (867–2581)

 + 3675 (1129–6591)

0.025

–

–

 + 2048 (567–3054)

 + 3903 (294–5408)

0.008

–

–

0.682

0.452

SVV (%)

–

15 (12–23)

16 (14–23)

–

0.48

–

17 (12–23)

10 (8–16)

–

0.135

–

0.908

0.069

–

GEDI (ml/m2)

–

770 (650–955)

777 (710–1004)

–

0.501

–

718 (599–788)

712 (666–937)

–

0.186

–

0.127

0.509

–

ELWI (ml/kg)

–

12 (7–19)

15 (8–21)

–

0.14

–

11 (9–19)

12 (9–16)

–

0.277

–

0.991

0.43

–

SVRI (dyn*s*cm-5*m2)

–

1374 (895–1762)

1395 (952–2148)

–

0.122

–

1432 (1229–1691)

1171 (882–1374)

–

0.193

–

0.521

0.563

–

CI (l/min/m2)

–

3.6 (2.2–4.6)

3.5 (2.3–4.7)

–

0.818

–

3.1 (2.8–4.1)

3.6 (3.2–4)

–

0.31

–

0.484

0.921

–

Vasopressor free days (days)

11 ± 11

–

–

–

–

11 ± 10

–

–

–

–

0.976

–

–

–

Ventilator free days (days)

10 ± 5

–

–

–

–

6 ± 8

–

–

–

–

0.209

–

–

–

RRT free days (days)

7 ± 11

–

–

–

–

10 ± 12

–

–

–

–

0.491

–

–

–

ICU free days (days)

4 ± 6

–

–

–

–

3 ± 5

–

–

–

–

0.512

–

–

–