Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the unmatched cohort
All (n = 250) | No VAP (n = 150) | VAP (n = 100) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 59 (51–67) | 57 (51–67) | 61.5 (52.5–67) | 0.216 |
Gender (male), n (%) | 173 (69.2%) | 97 (64.7%) | 76 (76%) | 0.057 |
BMI > 30, median (IQR) | 101 (40.4%) | 63 (42%) | 38 (38%) | 0.528 |
Admission to an open ICU unit, n (%) | 136 (54.2%) | 74 (49.7%) | 61 (61%) | 0.078 |
Length of MV before onset of VAP vs. non VAP (days), median (IQR) | 13 (8–20) | 12 (8–19) | 14 (9–21.5) | 0.202 |
Severity and comorbidity scores | ||||
APACHE II, median (IQR) | 11 (8–13) | 10 (7–13) | 12 (9–14) | 0.055 |
SOFA, median (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3–6) | < 0.001 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.888 |
COVID-19 related therapies | ||||
Use of prior antibiotics, n (%) | 250 (100%) | 150 (100%) | 100 (100%) | 1 |
Corticosteroids, n (%)* | 75 (30%) | 30 (20%) | 45 (45%) | < 0.001 |
Tocilizumab, n (%)** | 153 (60.8%) | 80 (53.3%) | 72 (72%) | 0.003 |
Lopinavir–ritonavir, n (%) | 184 (73.6%) | 110 (73.3%) | 74 (74%) | 0.907 |
Remdesivir, n (%) | 9 (3.6%) | 136 (90.7%) | 96 (96%) | 0.110 |
Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 232 (92.8%) | 4 (2.7%) | 5 (5%) | 0.332 |
Other ICU therapies | ||||
Anticoagulation, n (%) | 86 (34.4%) | 46 (30.7%) | 40 (40%) | 0.128 |
ECMO, n (%) | 21 (8.4%) | 11 (7.3%) | 10 (10%) | 0.456 |
CRRT, n (%) | 12 (4.8%) | 7 (4.7%) | 5 (5.1%) | 0.890 |
Outcomes | ||||
Length of MV (days), median (IQR) | 17 (10–26) | 12 (8–20) | 25 (20–34) | < 0.001 |
Length of ICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 18 (12–26) | 12 (8–20) | 25 (20–34) | < 0.001 |
ICU mortality, n (%) | 59 (23%) | 24 (16%) | 35 (35%) | < 0.001 |