Table 1 Characteristics at baseline and on the day of worst clinical status of 49 non-intubated COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure hospitalized in the ICU (n = 22) or in the wards (n = 27)
From: Non-intubated COVID-19 patients despite high levels of supplemental oxygen
Total | Patients hospitalized in ICU | Patients hospitalized in the wards | |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 49 | n = 22 | n = 27 | |
Baseline* characteristics | |||
Age (years) | 60 [50–66] | 63 [58–67] | 55 [46–63] |
Male | 40 (82%) | 17 (78%) | 23 (85%) |
Diabetes | 15 (31%) | 9 (41%) | 6 (22%) |
Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 16 (33%) | 10 (46%) | 6 (22%) |
Hypertension | 18 (37%) | 10 (46%) | 8 (30%) |
Chronic heart failure or coronary artery disease | 3 (6%) | 3 (14%) | 0 (0%) |
Immunosuppression | 5 (10%) | 3 (14%) | 2 (7%) |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2 [1–3] | 3 [1–4] | 2 [0–3] |
SAPS II | 27 [24–30] | 28 [24–30] | 27 [22–30] |
Days from hospital admission to baseline | 3 [1–4] | 2 [1–4] | 3 [2–5] |
Days from symptoms onset to baseline | 9 [7–11] | 9 [8–11] | 9 [7–11] |
Dexamethasone therapy | 35 (71%) | 16 (73%) | 19 (70%) |
Antibiotic therapy | 30 (61%) | 10 (46%) | 20 (74%) |
Clinical features on the day of worst clinical status | |||
Standard oxygen therapy | 30 (61%) | 4 (18%) | 26 (96%) |
Maximum oxygen flow (liters per min) | 15 [15–15] | 20 [15–29] | 15 [15–15] |
High-flow nasal cannula | 19 (39%) | 18 (82%) | 1 (4%) |
Maximum FiO2 | 1 [1–1] | 1 [1–1] | 1 |
Non-invasive ventilation | 4 (8%) | 4 (18%) | 0 (0%) |
Maximum FiO2 | 1 [1–1] | 1 [1–1] | – |
Highest respiratory rate (/min) | 36 [28–40] | 38 [35–46] | 32 [28–37] |
Lowest SpO2 (%) | 91 [90–92] | 90 [86–91] | 91 [91–94] |
Lowest mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 90 [82–98] | 91 [83–100] | 89 [82–96] |
Highest heart rate (/min) | 92 [80–104] | 94 [82–108] | 90 [80–98] |
Highest temperature (°C) | 37.7 [37–38.7] | 38.0 [37–38.8] | 37.5 [37–38.2] |
Biological data on the day of worst clinical status | |||
Leucocytes (/mm3) | 10,150 [8175–12975] | 11,150 [9150–13875] | 8850 [6600–10475] |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 119 [34–180] | 149 [49–296] | 115 [23–154] |
pH | 7.46 [7.44–7.48] | 7.47 [7.43–7.48] | 7.45 [7.44–7.45] |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 65 [54–73] | 61 [52–69] | 68 [65–102] |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 37 [34–42] | 36 [33–40] | 40 [38–44] |
Arterial lactate (mmol/l) | 1.7 [1.3–1.9] | 1.7 [1.3–2.0] | 1.4 [0.9–1.7] |
Creatininemia (μmol/L) | 65 [57–80] | 63 [56–80] | 66 [57–79] |
Outcomes | |||
Hypoxic cardiac arrest | 1 (2%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
Hospital mortality | 1 (2%) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
Duration of high flow oxygen administration** (h) | 82 [45–124] | 114 [58–145] | 72 [48–122] |
Discharged home with oxygen therapy | 18 (37%) | 5 (23%) | 13 (48%) |