Influenza virus-related critical illness: prevention, diagnosis, treatment

Table 4 Antiviral treatment

Antiviral agents and age group [64]	Treatment dosing
Oseltamivir
Adults (including pregnancy)	75 mg twice daily
Children (1 year or older) ≤15 kg	30 mg twice daily
Children > 15–23 kg	45 mg twice daily
Children > 23–40 kg	60 mg twice daily
Children > 40 kg	75 mg twice daily
Term Infants 0–11 months*	See details in footnote
Preterm infants**	See details in footnote
Zanamivir
Adults	10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations), twice daily
Children (≥ 7 years)	10 mg (two 5-mg inhalations), twice daily
Peramivir
Adults	600 mg intravenous infusion once, given over 15–30 min
Children (2–12 years)	One 12 mg/kg dose, up to 600 mg maximum, intravenous, given over 15–30 min
Children (13–17 years)	600 mg intravenous infusion once, given over 15–30 min
Baloxavir marboxil***
Adults and children (12 years or older) ≥40–80 kg	Single dose of 40 mg
Adults and children (12 years or older) ≥80 kg	Single dose of 80 mg

*FDA-approved oral oseltamivir treatment dose for infants 14 days and older and less than 1 year old is 3 mg/kg per dose twice daily. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended an oseltamivir treatment dose of 3.5 mg/kg orally twice daily for infants 9–11 months of age
**Current weight-based dosing recommendations are not appropriate for premature infants. Please refer to American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations (https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/4/e20182367) for further information
***Safety and efficacy of baloxavir marboxil in patients less than 12 years old or weighing less than 40 kg have not been established. There are no data on balosavir treatment of hospitalized patients with influenza, and appropriate dosing frequency is unknown. A phase III clinical trial of baloxavir treatment of hospitalized influenza patients is ongoing: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03684044

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