Table 1 Baseline demographic and surgical characteristics of the study population
Characteristics | Propofol (n = 44) | Dexmedetomidine (n = 44) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56.5 (49.3–62.0) | 53.0 (46.0–63.0) | 0.314 |
Female gender | 30 (68.2) | 23 (52.3) | 0.191 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.8 (20.0–25.1) | 22.4 (20.8–24.6) | 0.607 |
Hypertension | 13 (29.5) | 13 (29.5) | >0.999 |
Diabetes | 5 (11.4) | 6 (13.6) | >0.999 |
Smoking history | 10 (22.7) | 18 (40.9) | 0.108 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2 (4.5) | 4 (9.1) | 0.676 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 65.0 (57.0–71.0) | 65.0 (56.8–71.0) | 0.975 |
New York Heart Association class | Â | Â | 0.561 |
 I | 2 (4.5) | 2 (4.5) |  |
 II | 28 (63.6) | 29 (65.9) |  |
 III | 12 (27.3) | 13 (29.5) |  |
 IV | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0) |  |
Preoperative use of β-blockers | 5 (11.4) | 1 (2.3) | 0.202 |
Preoperative use of digoxin | 20 (45.5) | 20 (45.5) | >0.999 |
Type of operation | Â | Â | 0.616 |
 Mitral valve surgery | 8 (18.2) | 11 (25.0) |  |
 Aortic valve surgery | 15 (34.1) | 15 (34.1) |  |
 Mitral + aortic valve surgery | 13 (29.5) | 8 (18.2) |  |
 CABG+ valve surgery | 1 (2.3) | 3 (6.8) |  |
 Other cardiac surgery | 7 (15.9) | 7 (15.9) |  |
Cardiopulmonary bypass time, minutes | 68.8 (53.8–93.6) | 73.5 (55.7–85.1) | 0.635 |
Cross-clamp time, minutes | 47.3 (36.6–67.1) | 50.7 (34.2–62.4) | 0.892 |
Defibrillation after reperfusion | 14 (31.8) | 18 (40.9) | 0.507 |
Temporary pacemaker insertiona | 7 (15.9) | 6 (13.6) | >0.999 |