Abnormal movements in critical care patients with brain injury: a diagnostic approach

Table 3 Commonly seen autoimmune antibodies, their related encephalitidis and associated abnormal movements listed in alphabetical order

Autoantibody	Clinical syndrome	Associated disease	Abnormal movement
Anti-amphiphysin	Encephalomyelitis	Breast cancer, SCLC	Myoclonus and seizures
Anti-CV2/CRMP-5	Encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, retinitis and sensory neuropathy	SCLC, lymphoma	Seizures, chorea
Anti-Ri	Brain stem encephalitis	SCLC, breast cancer	Opsoclonus-myoclonus
Anti-NMDA	Limbic encephalitis	Ovarian teratoma	Seizures, orofacial dyskinesia, choreoathetosis, dystonia and combination of abnormal movements
Anti-AMPA	Limbic encephalitis	SCLC, thymoma	Seizures
Anti-GABA	Limbic encephalitis	SCLC	Seizures
Anti-TPO	Encephalitis	May be associated with thyroiditis	Seizures, myoclonus, tremor and chorea
Antiphospholipid antibodies	Encephalitis, strokes	Primary or in the setting of SLE	Seizures, chorea

Paraneoplastic antibodies, their associated tumors, clinical syndromes and abnormal movements. AMPA α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, CRMP-5 collapsin response mediator protein, GABA gamma aminobutyric acid, NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate, SCLC small cell lung cancer, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, TPO thyroid peroxidase

ISSN: 1364-8535