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Table 3 Comparison of hospital survivors and nonsurvivors

From: Prediction of hospital outcome in septic shock: a prospective comparison of tissue Doppler and cardiac biomarkers

Variable

Survivors (Mean ± SD)

Non-survivors (Mean ± SD)

P*

Cox Regression§

Baseline characteristics

    

n (%)

15 (71%)

6 (29%)

  

Gender, M:F

8:7

5:1

0.2 ‡

.3

Age, years

64 ± 16

67 ± 20

0.73

0.66

Height, cm

166.5 ± 8

169 ± 6.7

0.56

0.56

Weight, kg

79.1 ± 20.3

81.5 ± 14.4

0.79

0.95

BSA, m2

1.86 ± 0.27

1.93 ± 0.2

0.56

0.74

Cardiac disease, n (%)

5 (24%)

4 (19%)

0.18 ‡

0.17

APACHE III score (Day 1 ICU)

78.5 ± 24.9

84 ± 22.7

0.65

0.65

SOFA score (Day 1 ICU)

10.3 ± 2.6

12.3 ± 2.7

0.15

0.19

Study day

    

Time from onset of septic shock, days

2 ± 0.8

1.7 ± 0.5

0.34

0.3

APACHE III score

80.8 ± 33.2

88.2 ± 19.1

0.62

0.77

SOFA score

10.6 ± 3.6

13.3 ± 3.2

0.14

0.23

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

10 (48%)

6 (29%)

0.15 ‡

0.38

Clinical monitoring

    

HR, beats/min

87 ± 15

85 ± 10

0.77

0.7

SBP, mmHg

115 ± 16

109 ± 14

0.39

0.32

DBP, mmHg

54 ± 7

48 ± 9

0.21

0.16

MAP, mmHg

72 ± 8

68 ± 10

0.38

0.3

CVP, mmHg

13.8 ± 3

14.5 ± 6

0.72

0.63

Fluid and vasopressor management

    

Fluid balance, mL

1375 ± 1679

2792 ± 2009

0.11

0.08

Noradrenaline dose, μg/kg/min

0.115 ± 0.123

0.147 ± 0.111

0.58

0.47

Echocardiography

    

LA area, cm2

22.49 ± 5.1

24.28 ± 4.45

0.46

0.35

LVEDVI, mL/m2

61.2 ± 19.6

83 ± 26.6

0.08

0.14

LVESVI, mL/m2

36 ± 20

43 ± 12

0.52

0.66

SVI, mL/m2

25.1 ± 10.3

30.2 ± 22.8

0.62 †

0.62

EF, %

43 ± 15

43 ± 14

0.91

0.84

OTD, cm

2.054 ± 0.243

2.23 ± 0.17

0.13

0.17

VTI

19.63 ± 4.54

17.42 ± 6.71

0.41

0.4

Vpeak

1.084 ± 0.203

0.914 ± 0.297

0.16

0.1

CI, L/min/m2

3.13 ± 0.96

3.18 ± 1.76

0.93

0.98

E, m/s

0.89 ± 0.24

1.04 ± 0.33

0.27

0.24

DT, s

0.215 ± 0.055

0.168 ± 0.032

0.07

0.07

E A fusion, n (%)

2 (9.5%)

2 (9.5%)

0.32 ‡

0.4

A, m/s

0.6 ± 0.18

0.73 ± 0.33

0.32

0.3

E/A

1.7 ± 1.2

1.5 ± 0.6

0.75

0.7

e', cm/s

10.4 ± 3.4

6.8 ± 1.9

0.025

0.04

a', cm/s

9.9 ± 3.4

9.9 ± 3.2

0.99

0.96

e'a' fusion, n (%)

1 (5%)

2 (9.5%)

0.18 ‡

0.15

E/e'

9.05 ± 2.75

15.32 ± 2.74

0.0002

0.005

s', cm/s

13 ± 3.7

8.6 ± 4.1

0.03

0.048

Diastolic dysfunction, n (%)

8 (38%)

4 (19%)

0.66 ‡

0.55

Biochemistry

    

BNP, ng/L

448 ± 607

1289 ± 1155

0.14 †

0.07 ¶

NTproBNP, ng/L

841 ± 818

1801 ± 1853

0.27 †

0.2 ¶

TnT, μg/L

0.114 ± 0.174

0.268 ± 0.251

0.12

0.03

CRP, mg/L

228 ± 85

207 ± 135

0.68

0.51

  1. *Comparison performed using Student's T test for independent groups (equal variance assumed) unless otherwise indicated. †Equal variances not assumed (Levene's test P < 0.05). ‡ Fisher's exact test (2 tail). §Univariate Cox regression analysis of variables as predictors of hospital survival. ¶Variables log-transformed prior to Cox regression analysis. A, peak active (late) diastolic transmitral flow velocity; a', peak active (late) diastolic septal mitral annulus velocity; APACHE III, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; BSA, body surface area; CI, cardiac output indexed to body surface area; CRP, C reactive protein; CVP, central venous pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DT, E wave deceleration time; E, peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity; e', Peak early diastolic septal mitral annulus velocity; E/A, ratio of E to A; E/e', patio of E to e'; EF, ejection fraction; F, female; HR, heart rate; LV, left ventricle or ventricular; LVEDVI, left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area; LVESVI, left ventricular end-systolic volume indexed to body surface area; M, male; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NTproBNP, N-terminal proBNP; OTD, LV outflow tract diameter; s', peak systolic septal mitral annulus velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score; SVI, left ventricular stroke volume indexed to body surface area; TnT, Troponin T; Vpeak, peak LV outflow tract velocity; VTI, LV outflow tract velocity time integral.
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535