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Malignant Boutonneuse fever with multiple organ failure: a three-case series
Critical Care volume 13, Article number: P314 (2009)
Introduction
Rickettsia conorii infection, the agent of Boutonneuse fever, presents usually in a form considered benign, with serious complications in less than 10% of patients. Its mechanism of infection consists of vascular endothelial invasion by the microorganism and subsequent vasculitis and tissue necrosis. The process is usually localized or limited to the skin but can progress with malignant severe systemic involvement [1, 2].
Methods
A series of three cases of patients with multiple organ failure admitted to an ICU with confirmed diagnosis of Boutonneuse fever is presented (positive serology or tissue PCR).
Results
Common to all the patients was the rapid development of the disease (average: 3 days) from the initial complaints of fever after a bite by an unidentified agent and development of generalized rash, and the diagnosis of multiple organ failure (average Simplified Acute Physiology Score II: 59; average Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on admission: 12.6). All developed respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, haematological failure with haemolytic anaemia and acute renal failure suggestive of serious widespread vasculitis. One of the cases developed lethal refractory septic shock within 6 hours of admission. Tetracycline antibiotic therapy was started early in all patients, based on clinical and epidemiological data, since initial microbiological results were negative.
Conclusion
This series of cases illustrates the most severe form of Boutonneuse fever, usually associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, malignant disease, immunodeficiency or delay in the diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy, which was not the case in these patients.
References
Aharonowitz G, Koton S, Segal S, et al.: Epidemiological characteristics of spotted fever in Israel over 26 years. Clin Infect Dis 1999, 29: 1321-1322. 10.1086/313432
Anton E, Font B, Munoz T, et al.: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 144 patients with mediterranean spotted fever. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003, 22: 126-128.
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Oliveira, B., Lacerda, A., Costa e Silva, Z. et al. Malignant Boutonneuse fever with multiple organ failure: a three-case series. Crit Care 13 (Suppl 1), P314 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/cc7478
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc7478