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Computer simulation of the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship (LVPVR)
Critical Care volume 3, Article number: P139 (2000)
Background
The concept of time-varying elastance developed by Suga and Sagawa in the 1970s integrates on the same graph all the components of LV function: contractility (Ees, slope of ESPVR [1]), preload (Ved),), afterload (slope Ea HR.SVR), matching of LV with arterial system (graphical analysis of SV) and LV efficiency [2]. A computer simulation makes it a remarkable didactic tool.
Methods
Input data: volume (V); compliance of capacitive vessels (Cv); venous resistance at the entry of LV(Rv); LV compliance (CLV); (Ecs): zero-volume intercept (Vd); systemic resistances (SVR); heart rate (HR). Output data: Ved = (MSP.CLV)-(MSP.CLV-Ves) × e(t/Rv.CLV) with loading time (t) = (60/HR)-0.2 and mean systemic pressure (MSP)=V/Cv; Ped=e(0.33/CLV)(Ved-Vd)-1; Ea=HR.SVR; Ves=(Ea.Ved+Ees.Vd)/(Ees+Ea); SV=Ved-Ves PES=Ea.SV; LVEF=SV/Ved; CO=HR.SV; Pressure-volume area PVA=EW+PE; external work EW (SV.(Pes-Ptd/2); Potential energy PE=1/2(Ves-Vd).Pes; MVO2=2.5 × APV + 0.3 × Ees+1; 1 mmHg 1.333 × 10-4 J; mechanical efficiency ME=EW/MVO2.
Results
The computer calculates output values according to input data and simultaneously modifies the classic graph on the screen.
Discussion
The software simulates realistically the altering of preload (Ved) and afterload (Ea, HR, SVR), contractility (Ves, Vd) and the corresponding modifications of ME. LVF and ME evolve according to theoretic and experimental expectations, i.e. ME=0.28 to Ved =250 ml; ME max to Ea/Ees=0.5.
References
Suga H, Sagawa K, Shoukas A: . Circ Res 1973, 32: 314-322.
Suga H, Goto Y, Kawaguchi O, et al.: . Bas Res Cardiol 1993, 88 (suppl 2): 43-65.
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Mion, G., Koulmann, P. & LeGulluche, Y. Computer simulation of the left ventricular pressure-volume relationship (LVPVR). Crit Care 3 (Suppl 1), P139 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1186/cc513
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc513
Keywords
- Systemic Pressure
- Arterial System
- Systemic Resistance
- Mechanical Efficiency
- External Work