Kollef MH: Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2004, 32: 1396-1405. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000128569.09113.FB
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osmon SB, Kollef MH: Prevention of pneumonia in the hospital setting. Clin Chest Med 2005, 26: 135-142. 10.1016/j.ccm.2004.10.008
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Arozullah A, Khuri S, Henderson W, Daley J, Participants in the National Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program: Development and validation of a multi-factorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery. Ann Intern Med 2001, 135: 847-857.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fourrier F, Duvivier B, Boutigny H, Rourrel-Delvallez M, Chopin C: Colonization of dental plaque: a source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 1998, 26: 301-308. 10.1097/00003246-199802000-00032
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Garrouste-Ortegas M, Chevret S, Arlet G, Marie O, Rouveau M, Popoff N, Schlemmer B: Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients: a prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 156: 1647-1655.
Article
Google Scholar
El-Solh A, Pietrantoni C, Bhat A, Okada M, Zambon J, Aquilina A, Berbary E: Colonization of dental plaques: A reservoir of respiratory pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia in institutionalized elders. Chest 2004, 126: 1575-1582. 10.1378/chest.126.5.1575
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Munro C, Grap MJ: Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: state of the science. Am J Crit Care 2004, 13: 25-33.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Veksler A, Kayrouz G, Newman M: Reduction of salivary bacteria by preprocedural rinses with chlorhexidine 0.12%. J Periodontol 1991, 62: 649-651.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
DeRiso A, Ladowski J, Dillon T, Justice J, Peterson A: Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery. Chest 1996, 109: 1556-1561.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fourrier F, Cau-Pottier E, Boutigny H, Roussel-Delvallez M, Jourdain M, Chopin C: Effects of dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on bacterial colonization and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2000, 26: 1239-1247. 10.1007/s001340000585
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fourrier F, Dubois D, Pronnier P, Herbecq P, Leroy O, Desmettre T, Pottier-Cau E, Boutigny H, Di Pompeo C, Durocher A, Roussel-Delvallez M, for the PIRAD Study Group: Effect of gingival and dental plaque antiseptic decontamination on nosocomial infections acquired in the intensive care unit: A double-blind placebo controlled multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2005, 33: 1728-1735. 10.1097/01.CCM.0000171537.03493.B0
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Houston S, Hougland P, Anderson J, LaRocco M, Kennedy V, Gentry L: Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery. Am J Crit Care 2002, 11: 567-570.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF: Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet 1999, 354: 1896-1900. 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04149-5
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Juni P, Witschi A, Bloch R, Egger M: The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis. JAMA 1999, 282: 1054-1060. 10.1001/jama.282.11.1054
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Higgins JP, Thompson SG: Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002, 21: 1539-1558. 10.1002/sim.1186
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C: Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997, 315: 629-634.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Genuit T, Bochicchio G, Napolitano L, McCarter R, Roghman M: Prophylactic chlorhexidine oral rinse decreases ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical ICU patients. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2001, 2: 5-18. 10.1089/109629601750185316
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rodriguez Artalejo F, Garcia Caballero J, Aguado Matorras A, del Rey Calero R: Oral lavage with chlorhexidine and hospital pneumonia. Med Clin (Barc) 1987, 89: 36.
Google Scholar
Grap M, Munro C, Elswick R, Sessler C, Ward K: Duration of action of a single early oral application of chlorhexidine on oral microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients: A pilot study. Heart Lung 2004, 33: 83-91. 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2003.12.004
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bonten MJ, Bergmans DC, Ambergen AW, de Leeuw PW, van der Geest S, Stobberingh EE, Gaillard CA: Risk factors for pneumonia and colonization of respiratory tract and stomach in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996, 154: 1339-1346.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sole ML, Poalillo FE, Byers JF, Ludy JE: Bacterial growth in secretions and on suctioning equipment of orally intubated patients: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care 2002, 11: 141-149.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Longman L, Higham S, Bucknall R, Kaye S, Edgar W, Field E: Signs and symptoms in patients with salivary gland hypofunction. Postgrad Med J 1997, 73: 93-97.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Loesche W, Schork A, Terpenning M, Chen Y, Stoll J: Factors which influence levels of selected organisms in saliva of older individuals. J Clin Microbiol 1995, 33: 2550-2557.
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Prince AS: Biofilms, antimicrobial resistance, and airway infection. N Engl J Med 2002, 347: 1110-1111. 10.1056/NEJMcibr021776
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Costerton W, Veeh R, Shirtliff M, Pasmore M, Post C, Ehrlich G: The application of biofilm science to the study and control of chronic bacterial infections. J Clin Invest 2003, 112: 1466-1477. 10.1172/JCI200320365
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Adair C, Gorman S, Feron B, Byers LM, Jones DS, Goldsmith CE, Moore JE, Kerr JR, Curran MD, Hogg G, et al.: Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 1999, 25: 1072-1076. 10.1007/s001340051014
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar