Biomarkers and acute brain injuries: interest and limits

Table 1 Main biomarkers of subarachnoid haemorrhage, and dosage correlated with initial severity, neurological prognosis and mortality

+, correlation described; −, lack of correlation; plasma/CSF, dosing site. ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; ApoE, apolipoprotein E; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; CRP, C-reactive protein; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ET-1, endothelin-1; Fisher, Fisher classification; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale; HH, Hunt and Hunter classification; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IL, interleukin; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NF, neurofilament; S100β, S100β protein; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; vWF, von Willebrand factor; WFNS, World Federation of Neurosurgeons classification.

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