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Conjunctival administration of S+ketamine in rabbits
Critical Care volume 17, Article number: P389 (2013)
Introduction
Delivering analgesics via conjunctival application could provide rapid and convenient pain relief in disaster medicine. There are sporadic reports from the USA concerning inhalation administration of aerosol with various drugs producing a wide variety of effects from anxiolysis, sedation, and loss of aggressiveness to immobilisation. We attempted to determine in an animal experiment whether conjunctival administration of S+ketamine could produce significant effect without side effects.
Methods
After ethic committee approval, 10 rabbits were administered conjunctival S+ketamine 2.5 mg/kg. Measured parameters were SpO2, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) before administration and in 1-minute intervals and immobilisation time (loss of righting reflex). The measurements were performed for 20 minutes. Conjunctival irritation was measured 1, 10 and 20 minutes after administration according to modified technical standard EN IS O 10993-10. ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis of hemodynamic parameters.
Results
The immobilisation time was 207 ± 60 seconds. There were no changes in cardiorespiratory parameters (initial, 10 and 20 minutes after administration: HR 255.5 ± 24.7, 265.8 ± 26.0 and 267.8 ± 20.4, systolic BP 114.3 ± 8.6, 108.2 ± 10.7 and 113.9 ± 11.9 mmHg, diastolic BP 66.8 ± 11.6, 68.4 ± 10.6 and 69.7 ± 9.3 mmHg and SpO2 99.2 ± 1.0, 98.2 ± 0.6 and 98.7 ± 0.5). These results are in contrast to conjunctival administration of sufentanil 5 μg/kg that caused a significant decrease of SpO2 and HR [1]. We can speculate that the reason for stability of cardiorespiratory parameters was due to the sympathoadrenergic effect of ketamine or due to the method of administration. There were no signs of conjunctival irritation in any animal (S+ketamine is a preservative-free solution).
Conclusion
Conjunctival S+ketamine 2.5 mg/kg in rabbits produced rapid onset without changes in cardiorespiratory parameters and without signs of irritation of the eye. The results of our project warrant further research to increase the variety of drugs and methods of their administration for anxiolysis, sedation and analgesia in disaster medicine.
References
Malek J, et al.: Conjunctival administration of sufentanil in rabbits. Eur J Pain 2011, Suppl 5: 212.
Acknowledgement
The study was supported by scientific grant IGA NT 11284.
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Hess, L., Malek, J., Kurzova, A. et al. Conjunctival administration of S+ketamine in rabbits. Crit Care 17 (Suppl 2), P389 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/cc12327
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc12327