Fig. 2
From: Fluid responsiveness and venous congestion: unraveling the nuances of fluid status
Theoretical representation of fluid responsiveness and fluid congestion. These should not be regarded as a continuum (A) but rather as a two-dimensional state where signals of fluid responsiveness and congestion coexist (B). The benefit/harm of fluid expansion does not probably follow a linear relation with volume status (A) but rather positions itself in a two-dimensional state (B)