Table 4 Predictive factors of failure in attaining aggressive beta-lactam PK/PD targets in critically ill patients
Risk factor | Studies | No. of patients (aggressive vs. conservative PK/PD targets) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity (I2; p value) | Publication bias (p value Egger’s test) | Log estimate | Point score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 4 | 598 vs. 1001 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) p = 0.95 | 49.8% p = 0.11 | 0.63 | NA | 0 |
Male gender | 3 | 582 vs. 965 | 0.34 (0.25–0.48) p < 0.001 | 0.0% p = 0.38 | 0.06 | -1.08 | 1 |
BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 3 | 582 vs. 965 | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) p = 0.032 | 0.0% p = 0.76 | 0.18 | -0.08 | 1 |
eGFR | 4 | 224 vs. 298 | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) p = 0.07 | 79.8% p = 0.002 | 0.05 | NA | 0 |
Prolonged infusion | 2 | 331 vs. 220 | 7.54 (4.49–12.68) p < 0.001 | 0.0% p = 0.56 | NA | 2.02 | − 2 |
Daily dose | 3 | 590 vs. 880 | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) p = 0.32 | 54.6% p = 0.11 | 0.50 | NA | 0 |
Augmented renal clearance | 2 | 151 vs. 28 | 9.02 (2.97–27.39) p < 0.001 | 0.0% p = 0.81 | NA | 2.20 | 2 |
SOFA | 2 | 193 vs. 205 | 0.82 (0.43–1.59) p = 0.56 | 34.7% p = 0.22 | NA | NA | 0 |
MIC value above the clinical breakpoint | 2 | 151 vs. 28 | 18.47 (1.22–278.86) p = 0.035 | 71.5% p = 0.06 | NA | 2.92 | 2 |