Monocyte state 1 (MS1) cells in critically ill patients with sepsis or non-infectious conditions: association with disease course and host response

Leite, Giuseppe G. F.; de Brabander, Justin; Michels, Erik H. A.; Butler, Joe M.; Cremer, Olaf L.; Scicluna, Brendon P.; Sweeney, Timothy E.; Reyes, Miguel; Salomao, Reinaldo; Peters-Sengers, Hessel; van der Poll, Tom

doi:10.1186/s13054-024-04868-5

Critical Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis stratified into tertiles by percentage of MS1 cells

From: Monocyte state 1 (MS1) cells in critically ill patients with sepsis or non-infectious conditions: association with disease course and host response

Characteristic	Low (N = 111)^a	Intermediate (N = 111)^a	High (N = 110)^a	p value
Percentage of MS1 cells	19.0 (17.4, 20.2)^b	23.7 (22.6, 25.0)^c	30.3 (27.9, 34.0)^d	< 0.00001
Demographics
Age years	62.0 (49.0, 72.5)	65.0 (56.0, 74.0)	64.5 (56.0, 75.0)	0.2
White race	88 (79%)	96 (86%)	98 (89%)	0.1
Male sex	70 (63%)	62 (56%)	65 (59%)	0.5
Admission type, surgery	25 (23%)	39 (35%)	27 (25%)	0.07
BMI	24.8 (22.5, 29.4)^b,c	25.7 (23.1, 29.5)^b	24.0 (21.7, 27.3)^c	0.04
Comorbidity
Charlson score	3.0 (2.0, 5.0)	4.0 (3.0, 6.0)	4.0 (2.0, 5.0)	0.2
Cardiovascular insufficiency	3 (2.7%)	7 (6.3%)	6 (5.5%)	0.4
Respiratory insufficiency	9 (8.1%)	6 (5.4%)	9 (8.2%)	0.7
Renal insufficiency	13 (12%)	14 (13%)	11 (10%)	0.8
Hypertension	35 (32%)	32 (29%)	22 (20%)	0.1
Diabetes mellitus	21 (19%)	20 (18%)	18 (16%)	0.9
COPD	16 (14%)	16 (14%)	17 (15%)	1.0
Cerebrovascular disease	6 (5.4%)	13 (12%)	8 (7.3%)	0.2
Site of infection
Respiratory	47 (42%)	35 (32%)	40 (36%)	0.2
Abdominal	14 (13%)^b	24 (22%)^b,c	32 (29%)^c	0.01
Cardiovascular	8 (7.2%)	6 (5.4%)	2 (1.8%)	0.2
Urinary	6 (5.4%)	7 (6.3%)	11 (10%)	0.4
CNS	0 (0%)	3 (2.7%)	1 (0.9%)	0.2
Skin	6 (5.4%)	5 (4.5%)	6 (5.5%)	> 0.9
Other	5 (4.5%)	5 (4.5%)	0 (0%)	0.1
Unknown	1 (0.9%)	2 (1.8%)	2 (1.8%)	0.8
Mix infection	24 (22%)	24 (22%)	16 (15%)	0.3
Disease severity on admission
SOFA Score	6.0 (4.0, 9.0)^b	8.0 (5.0, 10.0)^c	7.5 (5.0, 10.0)^c	0.005
APACHE IV score	73.0 (55.0, 88.5)^b	84.0 (66.0, 104.5)^c	81.0 (63.3, 103.8)^c	0.003
APS	60.0 (48.0, 77.0)^b	71.0 (56.0, 91.0)^c	69.5 (50.0, 90.8)^c	0.01
ARDS	23 (21%)	36 (32%)	31 (28%)	0.1
AKI	32 (29%)^b	52 (47%)^c	43 (39%)^b,c	0.02
Septic shock	29 (26%)^b	44 (40%)^b,c	51 (46%)^c	0.01
Outcomes
Hospital LOS, days	14.0 (8.0, 35.0)	17.0 (8.5, 36.5)	15.5 (7.3, 39.5)	0.9
ICU LOS, days	4.0 (2.0, 10.0)	5.0 (3.0, 11.0)	6.0 (2.0, 11.0)	0.2
ICU-acquired complications
ARDS	6 (5.4%)^b	17 (15%)^c	18 (16%)^c	0.02
Infection	10 (9.0%)	11 (9.9%)	18 (16%)	0.2
Mortality
Death in ICU	19 (17%)	24 (22%)	23 (21%)	0.7
30‐day mortality	26 (23%)	34 (31%)	33 (30%)	0.4
60‐day mortality	31 (28%)	38 (34%)	40 (36%)	0.3
90‐day mortality	32 (29%)	40 (36%)	45 (41%)	0.2

Bold indicates that the values are statistically significant
AKI acute kidney injury, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, APS acute physiology scores, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CNS central nervous system, LOS length of stay, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment
^aMedian (IQR); n/N (%)
^b–dGroups that have no superscript in common are significantly different from each other after post-hoc tests with Benjamini–Hochberg correction (p < 0.05)

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