Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age, years (range)

56.3 (18–106)

51.7 (18—110)

 < 0.001

Male gender

65.7 (65.4–66.1)

71.7 (71.4–72.0)

 < 0.001

Mechanism of injury

   Road Traffic Collision

41.5 (41.1–41.9)

57.8 (57.5–58.1)

 < 0.001

   High Energy Fall ^a

20.3 (20.0–20.6)

19.9 (19.6–20.2)

0.054

   Low Energy Fall

29.5 (29.2–29.8)

14.6 (14.4–14.8)

 < 0.001

   Other

8.7 (8.5–8.9)

7.3 (7.1–7.5)

 < 0.001

Injury Severity Score

25.3 ± 9.8

27.6 ± 11.4

 < 0.001

Abbreviated injury scale

   Head AIS ≥ 2

44.2 (43.8–44.6)

53.5 (53.2–53.8)

 < 0.001

   Face AIS ≥ 2

18.5 (18.2–18.8)

17.5 (17.2–17.8)

 < 0.001

   Thorax AIS ≥ 2

58.9 (58.5–59.3)

74.5 (74.2–74.8)

 < 0.001

   Abdomen AIS ≥ 2

16.1 (15.8–16.4)

25.4 (25.1–25.7)

 < 0.001

   Pelvis AIS ≥ 2

21.8 (21.5–22.1)

27.2 (26.9–27.5)

 < 0.001

   Spine AIS ≥ 2

37.2 (36.8–37.6)

40.8 (40.5–41.1)

 < 0.001

   Extremities AIS ≥ 2

46.0 (45.6–46.4)

59.9 (59.6–60.2)

 < 0.001

Hospital length of stay (days)

   Survivors

21.5 ± 27.4

23.3 ± 20.8

 < 0.001

   Deceased

4.9 ± 6.0

6.9 ± 13.1

 < 0.001

Mortality

16.7 (16.5–17.0)

15.9 (15.6–16.1)

 < 0.001