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Table 1 Characteristics of patients who developed severe hyperglycaemia versus those who did not

From: Imatinib treatment improves hyperglycaemic dysregulation in severe COVID-19: a secondary analysis of blood biomarkers in a randomised controlled trial

Characteristic

No hyperglycemia n = 326

Hyperglycemia n = 59

p-value

Age—mean (SD)

63.8 (12.6)

65.7 (11.7)

0.28

BMI—mean (SD)

29.5 (5.5)

28.9 (5.2)

0.47

Males—no. (%)

222 (68)

42 (71)

0.75

Comorbidities—no. (%)

   

Current/former smoker

121 (42)

23 (42)

1.00

Diabetes mellitus, any type

83 (26)

17 (29)

0.71

Chronic kidney disease

11 (3)

3 (5)

0.78

Hypertension

123 (38)

22 (37)

1.00

Dexamethasone treatment—no. (%)

225 (69)

51 (86)

0.01

Clinical outcomes

   

Need for intensive care admission—no. (%)

43 (13)

29 (49)

 < 0.001

Need for invasive ventilation—no. (%)

32 (10)

24 (41)

 < 0.001

Days of hospital admission—median [IQR]

6 [3–9]

15 [8–23]

 < 0.001

Mortality—no. (%)

33 (10)

16 (27)

 < 0.001

Markers of insulin resistance and beta cell function at hospital admission

   

insulin in pmol/L, median [IQR]

213.3 [105.2, 336.5]

224.6 [107.8, 349.1]

0.796

C-peptide in nmol/L, median [IQR]

1.8 [1.1, 2.6]

2.3 [1.2, 3.0]

0.144

glucose in mmol/L, median [IQR]

8.8 [6.8, 11.5]

9.4 [8.0, 13.1]

0.067

HOMA-IR (median [IQR])

14.8 [6.3, 29.6]

17.3 [8.2, 26.7]

0.623

Log2 (Relative protein abundance at hospital admission; RFU)

   

Interleukin-8

11.1 (0.5)

11.4 (0.8)

 < 0.001

Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor, soluble

10.9 (1.2)

11.8 (1.1)

 < 0.001

Interleukin-6

9.7 (0.8)

10.0 (0.9)

0.032

Jun dimerization protein 2

8.1 (0.3)

8.0 (0.2)

0.039

Retinol-binding protein 4

14.0 (0.4)

14.0 (0.5)

0.287

Adiponectin

11.3 (0.6)

11.4 (0.6)

0.343

Leptin

14.8 (1.2)

15.0 (1.1)

0.496

Angiotensinogen

13.7 (0.3)

13.7 (0.4)

0.648

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (JNK2)

13.2 (0.5)

13.2 (0.4)

0.671

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (JNK1)

9.6 (0.3)

9.6 (0.3)

0.911

Leptin/adiponectin

1.3 (0.1)

1.3 (0.1)

0.980

  1. Severe hyperglycaemia was defined as grade 3 or higher hyperglycaemia according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Chi-square tests were applied for categorical variables, Mann–Whitney U tests for non-normally distributed variables and unpaired t-tests for normally distributed variables
  2. BMI, Body Mass Index; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; IQR, interquartile range; no., number; RFU, relative fluorescent units; SD, standard deviation
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Critical Care

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