Table 3 Trials characteristics
The first author of study/year of publication | Type of study | Sample size | Major inclusion criteria | Volume and type of TPE | Number of TPE session | TPE group 14–35 day Mortality, n (%) | Control group 14–35 day Mortality, n (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reeves [35]/1999 | RCT | 22 | Severe sepsis | 100–150 ml/kg F | 2–3 | 3/9 (33.3%) at 14 day | 6/13 (46.1%) |  |
Busund [36]/2002 | RCT | 106 | Severe sepsis, septic shock | 30–40 ml/kg C | 1–2 | 18/54 (33.3%) at 28 day | 28/52 (53.8%) | 0.05 |
Faquhia [49]/2021 | RCT | 87 | Critically ill COVID-19, MOF, N/A infusion dose > 0.4 | 30–40 ml/kg C | 1–5 | 9/43 (20.9%) at 35 day | 15/44 (34.1%) | 0.62 |
Weng [50]/2021 | RCT | 112 | Severe sepsis, septic shock, DIC | 30 ml/kg F | 1–3 | 6/40 (15%) at 28 day | 14/36 (38.8%) |  < 0.05 |
Stahl [51]/2022 | RCT | 40 | Septic shock with onset < 24 h, N/A infusion dose > 0.4 | 45 ml/kg C | 1 | 8/20 (40%) at 28 day | 10/20 (50%) | 0.43 |
GÃ¥rdlund [17]/993 | PS | 28 | Septic shock | 30Â ml/kg F | 1 | 1/7 (14%) at 28Â day | Historical control 8/21 (38%) | Nr |
Stegmayr [52]/1995 | PS | 27 | Severe sepsis, septic shock, MOF | 30–35 ml/kg C | 1–10 | 5/27 (19%) at discharge from hospital | Nr | Nr |
Stegmayr [53]/1996 | PS | 25 | Severe sepsis, septic shock | 30–35 ml/kgC | 1–10 | 5/25 (20%) at discharge from hospital | Predicted mortality 80% |  < 0.001 |
Hjorth [54]/2000 | RS | 17 | Septic shock | 30–40 ml/kg C | 1–2 | 3/17 (18%) at 28 day | Calculated mortality based on initial APACHE II (62%) | 0.01 |
Schmidt [55]/2000 | PS | 43 | Severe sepsis | nr F | 1 | 8/19 (42.1%) at 28Â day | 11/24 (45.8%) | Ns |
Ataman[56]/2002 | RS | 7 | N/A-refractory septic shock | 30–40 ml/kg F | 1–2 | 6/7 (85.7%) at 8 day | Nr | Nr |
Stegmayr [57]/2003 | RS | 76 | Severe sepsis, septic shock | 30–35 ml/kg C | 1–14 | 16/76 (18.4%) at discharge from hospital | Calculated mortality based on initial APACHE II (82%) | 0.0001 |
Hadem [32]/2014 | RS | 23 | Severe sepsis, septic shock | 45 ml/kg F | 1–3 | 9/23 (39%) not reported | Nr | Nr |
Knaup [58]/2018 | PS | 20 | Septic shock with onset < 24 h, N/A infusion dose > 0.4 | 30–35 ml/kg F | 1 | 13/20 (65%) at 28 day | Nr | Nr |
Keith [59]/2020 | RS | 80 | Known source of infection, MOF (> 2), infusion of two or more pressors | 30–35 ml/kg C | 1–2 | 16/40 (40%) at 28 day | 26/40 (65%) | 0.043 |
Ahmed [60]/2020 | PS | 16 | Septic shock, N/A infusion dose > 0.4 | 30 ml/kg F | 1–3 | 10/16 (62.5%) not reported | Calculated mortality based on initial APACHE II (86.7%) | Nr |
Gucyetmez [61]/2020 | PS | 73 | Critically ill COVID-19, MOF | nr C | 3 | 1/12 (8.3%) at 35Â day | 7/12 (58.3%) | 0.009 |
Khamis [62]/2020 | PS | 31 | Critically ill COVID-19, MOF, N/A infusion dose > 0.4 | 30–40 ml/kg C | 5 | 0/11 at 28 day | 7/20 | 0.033 |
Kamran [63]/2021 | RS | 90 | Critically ill COVID-19, MOF | 45 ml/kg C | 1–5 | 4/45 (8.8%) at 28 day | 28/45 (61.5%) |  < 0.001 |
Jaiswal [64]/2021 | PS | 14 | Critically ill COVID-19, MOF | 30–40 ml/kg C | 1 | 4/14 (28.6%) at 28 day | Nr | Nr |