Fig. 1

Serum interleukin (IL)-36 levels at admission were elevated in the patients with sepsis. A Interleukin (IL)-36 subtypes concentrations were measured by ELISA in serum samples collected from 47 patients with sepsis, 21 non-septic ICU controls, and 21 healthy control subjects. B IL-36 subtypes concentrations in serum samples collected from septic shock patients and patients without shock. C IL-36 subtypes concentrations in serum samples collected from survivors and non-survivors in the patients with sepsis. Non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons post test was used to compare results between groups. Data are means ± SD, error bars represent SD and dots represent individual participants. NS not significant; P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001