Table 2 Processes, healthcare resource utilization and outcomes of care

Processes of care, n (%)

 Invasive ventilation n (%)

20,471 (42.4)

695 (63.0)

19,776 (41.9)

2.3 (2.1 to 2.6)

1.5 (1.3 to 1.8)

 Invasive ventilation median hours (IQR)*

23.4 (8.2–80.6)

40.1 (16.5–116.6)

22.9 (7.9–79.0)

23.0 (10.9 to 35.2)

0.9 (− 11.1 to 12.9)

 Noninvasive ventilation n (%)

3613 (7.5)

76 (6.9)

3537 (7.5)

0.9 (0.7 to 1.2)

0.7 (0.6 to 0.9)

 Noninvasive ventilation, median hours (IQR)*

17.2 (6.3–46.9)

21.2 (5.2–55.6)

17.2 (6.3–46.7)

− 0.3 (− 16.3 to 15.8)

− 2.5 (− 18.6 to 13.5)

 Vasoactive medications n (%)

16,531 (34.3)

414 (37.5)

16,117 (34.2)

0.1 (0.0 to 0.3)

1.0 (0.9 to 1.1)

 Vasoactive medications median minutes (IQR)*

1419.0 (596.0–2915.0)

1647.0 (811.0–3440.0)

1416.5 (591.5–2899.5)

92.7 (− 103.3 to 288.6)

− 127.4 (− 321.9 to 67.2)

 CRRT n (%)

1335 (2.8)

38 (3.4)

1297 (2.8)

1.3 (0.9 to 1.8)

0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)

 CRRT Median hours (IQR)*

65.4 (27.0–140.1)

85.6 (24.1–141.4)

65.3 (27.1–140.0)

− 5.4 (− 52.5 to 41.6)

− 5.7 (− 53.0 to 41.6)

Healthcare resource utilization, n (%)

 Length of ICU stay, median (IQR)

2.7 (1.4–4.8)

3.4 (1.7–6.7)

2.6 (1.4–4.8)

1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)

0.5 (0.1 to 0.9)

 Length of hospital stay, median (IQR)

6.6 (3.3–14.0)

9.9 (4.2–25.0)

6.5 (3.3–14.0)

12.8 (11.3 to 14.4)

10.1 (8.6 to 11.6)

 ED visit within 30 days post-hospital discharge

10,957 (22.9)

401 (36.9)

10,556 (22.6)

2.0 (1.8 to 2.3)

2.3 (2.0 to 2.6)

 Hospital readmission within 30 days post-hospital discharge

7693 (16.1)

293 (27.0)

7400 (15.8)

2.0 (1.7 to 2.3)

2.1 (1.8 to 2.4)

Safety of care outcomes

 Hospital adverse event n (%)

11,392 (23.8)

271 (25.0)

11,121 (23.8)

1.1 (0.9 to 1.2)

1.1 (0.9 to 1.2)

 ICU mortality n (%)

3700 (7.7)

60 (5.5)

3640 (7.8)

0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)

0.5 (0.4 to 0.6)

 Hospital mortality n (%)

5235 (10.9)

89 (8.2)

5146 (11.0)

0.7 (0.6 to 0.9)

0.5 (0.4 to 0.7)