Table 4 Baseline population characteristics of patients who received ECMO compared to those eligible for ECMO
From: Functional recovery in a cohort of ECMO and non-ECMO acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors
|  | ECMO (n = 34) | “ECMO Eligible” (n = 30) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics on ICU admission | |||
Age, years | 35 (28, 50) | 48 (37, 51) | 0.04 |
Female, n (%) | 15 (44) | 10 (34) | 0.44 |
Race, n (%) | 0.23 | ||
 Black or African American | 13 (38) | 8 (32) |  |
 White | 18 (53) | 17 (68) |  |
 Asian | 3 (9) | 0 (0) |  |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.69 | ||
 Hispanic or Latino | 7 (21) | 5 (17) |  |
 Not Hispanic or Latino | 27 (79) | 25 (83) |  |
BMI on admission kg/m2 | 33 (26, 40) | 32 (28–35) | 0.33 |
Smoking history | 11 (32) | 13 (43) | 0.37 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, points | 0 (0, 1) | 1 (0,2) | 0.11 |
COVID-19 positive, n (%) | 19 (56) | 27 (90) | < 0.01 |
SOFA score* | 7 (5, 9) | 4 (3, 7) | < 0.01 |
P/F Ratio on admission, mmHg | 104 (81, 158) | 163 (85, 233) | 0.13 |
Initial ventilator parameters on admission to University of Maryland Medical System | |||
Ventilator mode, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
 APRV | 11 (38) | 0 (0) |  |
 AC/VC | 6 (21) | 24 (86) |  |
 AC/PC | 12 (41) | 1 (4) |  |
 PRVC | 0 (0) | 3 (11) |  |
Tidal volume, mL | 386 (285, 463) | 400 (365, 438) | 0.39 |
Peak inspiratory pressure, cmH20 | 32 (30, 37) | 28 (23, 31) | < 0.01 |
Mean airway pressure, cmH20 | 24 (21, 27) | 17 (14, 19) | < 0.01 |
Set FiO2, % | 100 (100, 100) | 70 (50, 100) | < 0.01 |
Dynamic compliance, mL/cmH20 | 15 (11, 20) | 27 (23, 35) | < 0.01 |
Dynamic driving pressure, cmH20** | 26, (19, 30) | 14 (12, 17) | < 0.01 |
Oxygenation index | 26 (22, 33) | 10 (4, 12) | < 0.01 |
pH on ABG | 7.30 (7.24, 7.36) | 7.36 (7.26, 7.41) | 0.10 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 55 (47, 70) | 46 (41, 51) | < 0.01 |
Delivered tidal volume by IBW, mL/kg | 6 (5, 7) | 6 (6, 7) | 0.13 |
Ventilatory ratio | 1.8 (1.6, 2.3) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.0) | 0.14 |
Initial ECMO parameters | |||
ECMO sweep, L/min | 4 (3, 5) | – | – |
ECMO flow, L/min | 5 (4, 5) | – | – |
ICU Interventions | |||
Received corticosteroids, n (%) | 29 (85) | 24 (92) | 0.40 |
Received antibiotics, n (%) | 31 (91) | 27 (93) | 0.78 |
Required proning, n (%) | 28 (82) | 23 (82) | 0.98 |
Required neuromuscular blockade, n (%) | 29 (85) | 24 (86) | 0.96 |
Required inhaled vasodilators, n (%) | 20 (59) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
Required vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 33 (97) | 23 (82) | 0.05 |
Hospital outcomes | |||
Length of hospitalization, days | 46 (27, 62) | 20 (14, 30) | < 0.01 |
Length of ICU stay, days | 29 (19, 43) | 12 (10, 15) | < 0.01 |
Length of mechanical ventilation, days | 24 (14, 42) | 10 (8, 13) | < 0.01 |
Discharge location, n (%) | 0.02 | ||
 Home | 20 (59) | 25 (86) |  |
 Rehabilitation (acute or subacute) | 14 (41) | 4 (14) |  |