Table 1 Baseline population characteristics of patients stratified by ECMO status
From: Functional recovery in a cohort of ECMO and non-ECMO acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors
|  | ECMO (n = 34) | Non-ECMO (n = 76) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics on ICU admission | |||
Age, years | 35 (28, 50) | 51 (44, 61) | < 0.01 |
Female, n (%) | 15 (44) | 33 (43) | 0.95 |
Race, n (%) | 0.37 | ||
 Black or African American | 13 (38) | 25 (36) |  |
 White | 18 (53) | 43 (61) |  |
 Asian | 3 (9) | 2 (3) |  |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.23 | ||
 Hispanic or Latino | 7 (21) | 9 (12) |  |
 Not Hispanic or Latino | 27 (79) | 67 (88) |  |
BMI on admission, kg/m2 | 33 (26, 40) | 34 (28, 39) | 0.78 |
Smoking history | 11 (32) | 35 (46) | 0.18 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, points | 0 (0, 1) | 2 (1, 3) | < 0.01 |
Home oxygen requirement, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 0.17 |
COVID-19 positive, n (%) | 19 (56) | 73 (96) | < 0.01 |
SOFA score* | 7 (5, 9) | 4 (3, 6) | < 0.01 |
P/F Ratio on admission, mmHg | 104 (81, 158) | 150 (103, 210) | 0.02 |
Initial ventilator parameters on admission to University of Maryland Medical System | |||
Ventilator mode, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
 APRV | 11 (38) | 0 (0) |  |
 AC/VC | 6 (21) | 49 (89) |  |
 AC/PC | 12 (41) | 2 (4) |  |
 PRVC | 0 (0) | 4 (7) |  |
Tidal volume, mL | 386 (285, 463) | 397 (340, 427) | 0.40 |
Peak inspiratory pressure, cmH20 | 32 (30, 37) | 29 (26, 32) | < 0.01 |
Mean airway pressure, cmH20 | 24 (21, 27) | 18 (15, 20) | < 0.01 |
Set FiO2, % | 100 (100, 100) | 75 (60, 100) | < 0.01 |
Dynamic compliance, mL/cmH20 | 15 (11, 20) | 27 (22, 32) | < 0.01 |
Dynamic driving pressure, cmH20** | 26 (19, 30) | 15 (12, 18) | < 0.01 |
Oxygenation Index | 26 (22, 33) | 9 (6, 11) |  < 0.01 |
pH on ABG | 7.30 (7.24, 7.36) | 7.36 (7.27, 7.39) | 0.06 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 55 (47, 70) | 47 (42, 52) | < 0.01 |
Delivered tidal volume by IBW, mL/kg | 5.6 (4.9, 6.6) | 6.1 (5.8, 6.5) | 0.12 |
Ventilatory ratio | 1.8 (1.6, 2.3) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 0.11 |
Initial ECMO parameters | |||
ECMO sweep, L/min | 4 (3, 5) | – | – |
ECMO flow, L/min | 4.9 (4.4, 5.2) | – | – |
ICU Interventions | |||
Received corticosteroids, n (%) | 29 (85) | 68 (94) | 0.11 |
Received antibiotics, n (%) | 31 (91) | 64 (86) | 0.49 |
Required mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 34 (100) | 59 (79) | < 0.01 |
Required proning, n (%) | 28 (82) | 52 (74) | 0.36 |
Required neuromuscular blockade, n (%) | 29 (85) | 46 (64) | 0.02 |
Required inhaled vasodilators, n (%) | 20 (59) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
Required vasoactive drugs, n (%) | 33 (97) | 51 (71) | < 0.01 |
Hospital outcomes | |||
Length of hospitalization, days | 46 (27, 62) | 16 (12, 31) | < 0.01 |
Length of ICU stay, days | 29 (19, 43) | 10 (5, 17) | < 0.01 |
Length of mechanical ventilation, days | 24 (14, 42) | 10 (7, 17) | < 0.01 |
Discharge location, n (%) | 0.02 | ||
 Home | 20 (59) | 60 (80) |  |
 Rehabilitation (acute or subacute) | 14 (41) | 15 (20) |  |