Table 2 Characteristics of the cohorts discharged alive from the hospital
Variable | All COVID-19 (n = 1573) | Wild-type (n = 989) | Alpha (n = 368) | Delta (n = 127) | Omicron (n = 89) | LRTI (n = 1613) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | ||||||
Male sex | 1076 (68.4) | 703 (71.1) | 237 (64.4) | 92 (72.4) | 44 (49.4) | 1008 (62.5) |
Age, years | 60.0 [50.0, 68.0] | 60.0 [52.0, 67.0] | 60.5 [48.0, 68.0] | 56.0 [46.5, 66.5] | 61.0 [47.0, 74.0] | 64.0 [52.0, 73.0] |
18–44 | 233 (14.8) | 122 (12.3) | 65 (17.7) | 28 (22.0) | 18 (20.2) | 263 (16.3) |
45–64 | 808 (51.4) | 534 (54.0) | 176 (47.8) | 63 (49.6) | 35 (39.3) | 556 (34.5) |
65 or older | 532 (33.8) | 333 (33.7) | 127 (34.5) | 36 (28.3) | 36 (40.4) | 794 (49.2) |
Region of birth | ||||||
Africa | 123 (7.8) | 84 (8.5) | 21 (5.7) | 12 (9.4) | 6 (6.7) | 53 (3.3) |
The Americas | 86 (5.5) | 61 (6.2) | 18 (4.9) | 4 (3.1) | 3 (3.4) | 16 (1.0) |
Asia or Oceania | 379 (24.1) | 253 (25.6) | 73 (19.8) | 38 (29.9) | 15 (16.9) | 138 (8.6) |
Europe | 233 (14.8) | 142 (14.4) | 52 (14.1) | 24 (18.9) | 15 (16.9) | 203 (12.6) |
Sweden | 750 (47.7) | 449 (45.4) | 204 (55.4) | 49 (38.6) | 48 (53.9) | 1203 (74.6) |
Missing | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) |
Yearly disposable income quartile | ||||||
Quartile 1 | 595 (37.8) | 355 (35.9) | 129 (35.1) | 61 (48.0) | 50 (56.2) | 712 (44.1) |
Quartile 2 | 419 (26.6) | 272 (27.5) | 101 (27.4) | 31 (24.4) | 15 (16.9) | 393 (24.4) |
Quartile 3 | 317 (20.2) | 209 (21.1) | 75 (20.4) | 21 (16.5) | 12 (13.5) | 280 (17.4) |
Quartile 4 | 236 (15.0) | 153 (15.5) | 62 (16.8) | 12 (9.4) | 9 (10.1) | 228 (14.1) |
Missing | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (1.6) | 3 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |
Cancer | 64 (4.1) | 40 (4.0) | 14 (3.8) | 3 (2.4) | 7 (7.9) | 169 (10.5) |
Cardiac or cerebrovascular disease | 482 (30.6) | 308 (31.1) | 102 (27.7) | 31 (24.4) | 41 (46.1) | 714 (44.3) |
Chronic kidney failure | 113 (7.2) | 67 (6.8) | 23 (6.2) | 9 (7.1) | 14 (15.7) | 158 (9.8) |
Chronic liver disease | 52 (3.3) | 32 (3.2) | 11 (3.0) | 2 (1.6) | 7 (7.9) | 129 (8.0) |
Chronic lung disease | 125 (7.9) | 78 (7.9) | 32 (8.7) | 5 (3.9) | 10 (11.2) | 330 (20.5) |
Diabetes (type 1 or 2) | 411 (26.1) | 265 (26.8) | 89 (24.2) | 30 (23.6) | 27 (30.3) | 384 (23.8) |
Hypertension | 689 (43.8) | 449 (45.4) | 160 (43.5) | 42 (33.1) | 38 (42.7) | 739 (45.8) |
Immunocompromised state | 163 (10.4) | 98 (9.9) | 29 (7.9) | 17 (13.4) | 19 (21.3) | 246 (15.3) |
Mental health disorder | 53 (3.4) | 27 (2.7) | 13 (3.5) | 5 (3.9) | 8 (9.0) | 99 (6.1) |
Neurological disease | 35 (2.2) | 21 (2.1) | 4 (1.1) | 3 (2.4) | 7 (7.9) | 112 (6.9) |
Obesity | 377 (24.0) | 226 (22.9) | 120 (32.6) | 22 (17.3) | 9 (10.1) | 147 (9.1) |
Charlson comorbidity index score | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 2.0] | 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] | 1.0 [0.0, 3.0] | 2.0 [0.0, 3.0] |
0 | 785 (49.9) | 476 (48.1) | 194 (52.7) | 81 (63.8) | 34 (38.2) | 505 (31.3) |
1–2 | 516 (32.8) | 345 (34.9) | 114 (31.0) | 33 (26.0) | 24 (27.0) | 516 (32.0) |
3–4 | 172 (10.9) | 110 (11.1) | 31 (8.4) | 10 (7.9) | 21 (23.6) | 334 (20.7) |
≥ 5 | 100 (6.4) | 58 (5.9) | 29 (7.9) | 3 (2.4) | 10 (11.2) | 258 (16.0) |
COVID-19 vaccination status before hospitalization | ||||||
Unvaccinated | 1475 (93.8) | 989 (100.0) | 354 (96.2) | 101 (79.5) | 31 (34.8) | NA |
One dose | 18 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.0) | 5 (3.9) | 2 (2.2) | NA |
Two doses | 57 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | 19 (15.0) | 35 (39.3) | NA |
Three doses | 23 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.6) | 21 (23.6) | NA |
Four doses | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | NA |
ICU characteristics | ||||||
Time to ICU admission from COVID-19 symptom onset | 10.0 [7.0, 13.0] | 10.0 [7.0, 13.0] | 10.0 [7.0, 13.0] | 10.0 [8.0, 13.0] | 3.0 [0.0, 9.0] | NA |
Missing | 29 (1.8) | 12 (1.2) | 11 (3.0) | 2 (1.6) | 4 (4.5) | NA |
SAPS 3 score | 53.0 [47.0, 60.0] | 53.0 [46.0, 60.0] | 54.0 [48.0, 60.0] | 52.0 [48.0, 57.5] | 54.0 [45.0, 61.0] | 60.0 [52.0, 68.0] |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 11.7 [9.2, 15.9] | 11.7 [9.3, 15.6] | 11.1 [8.9, 15.1] | 12.4 [9.4, 16.2] | 20.0 [12.2, 44.6] | 21.8 [13.1, 33.2] |
Missing | 193 (12.3) | 122 (12.3) | 34 (9.2) | 11 (8.7) | 26 (29.2) | 376 (23.3) |
Mechanical ventilation | 798 (50.7) | 553 (55.9) | 156 (42.4) | 55 (43.3) | 34 (38.2) | 811 (50.3) |
Duration | 10.9 [5.3, 22.6] | 11.8 [6.3, 23.7] | 10.3 [5.1, 24.0] | 7.0 [2.9, 14.1] | 2.1 [0.5, 4.8] | 7.8 [3.1, 16.1] |
NIV or HFNO | 1074 (68.3) | 632 (63.9) | 301 (81.8) | 101 (79.5) | 40 (44.9) | 872 (54.1) |
Prone positioning | 591 (37.6) | 415 (42.0) | 121 (32.9) | 47 (37.0) | 8 (9.0) | 51 (3.2) |
Length of stay in ICU | 6.8 [2.7, 16.0] | 8.4 [3.3, 18.7] | 5.1 [2.3, 11.9] | 6.0 [2.4, 12.4] | 2.1 [0.8, 4.6] | 4.4 [1.7, 12.4] |
Length of stay in hospital | 24.0 [13.0, 48.0] | 27.0 [15.0, 51.0] | 23.0 [12.0, 50.0] | 21.0 [13.0, 45.0] | 13.0 [7.0, 25.0] | 21.0 [11.0, 45.0] |