Diagnostic, prognostic and clinical value of left ventricular radial strain to identify paradoxical septal motion in ventilated patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome: an observational prospective multicenter study

Table 2 Conventional echocardiography findings in the study population according to the systolic septal motion

Parameters	Overall (n = 310)	Normal septal motion (grade 0) (n = 162)^a	Transient septal flattening (grade 1) (n = 100)^a	Sustained septal flattening or inversed septal bulging (grade 2) (n = 48)^a	p-value^b	Adjusted p-value^c
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (%)	59 (51, 67)	60 (53, 68)	58 (50, 65)	57 (51, 63)	0.2	0.2
LVOT Velocity Time Integral (cm)	21 (18, 25)	21 (18, 25)	22 (19, 26)	20 (17, 23)	0.031	0.039
RV EDA / LV EDA	0.80 (0.70, 1.00)	0.70 (0.60, 0.80)	0.80 (0.70, 1.00)	1.10 (1.00, 1.20)	< 0.001	< 0.001
End-Systolic Eccentricity Index	1.10 (1.00, 1.20)	1.00 (1.00, 1.20)	1.10 (1.00, 1.20)	1.50 (1.30, 1.75)	< 0.001	< 0.001
End-Diastolic Eccentricity Index	1.00 (1.00, 1.10)	1.00 (1.00, 1.10)	1.00 (1.00, 1.10)	1.20 (1.03, 1.40)	< 0.001	< 0.001
TAPSE (mm)	22.0 (19.0, 25.0)	22.7 (19.4, 26.0)	22.0 (20.2, 25.0)	19.0 (15.0, 24.0)	0.002	0.002
Tricuspid S’ wave (cm/s)	15.0 (12.3, 18.0)	15.0 (13.0, 18.0)	15.8 (12.6, 18.1)	12.7 (10.4, 15.1)	0.003	0.003
Vmax Tricuspid Regurgitation (cm/s)	3.00 (2.60, 3.60)	2.70 (2.35, 3.10)	3.10 (2.65, 3.70)	3.60 (3.10, 3.90)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Systolic right atrio-ventricular pressure gradient (mmHg)	36 (27, 52)	29 (22, 38)	38 (28, 55)	52 (38, 61)	< 0.001	< 0.001
RV freewall strain (%)	26 (22, 32)	27 (24, 32)	27 (23, 33)	22 (16, 28)	< 0.001	< 0.001

^an (%); Median (IQR)
^bFisher's exact test; Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test; Pearson's Chi-squared test
^cFalse discovery rate correction for multiple testing
RV EDA/LV EDA: right ventricular end-diastolic area/left ventricular end-diastolic are ratio; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract

ISSN: 1364-8535