Table 1 Characteristics in baseline population and PS-matched patients with bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae treated either with cefoxitin or carbapenem

Age, years

57 ± 17

57 ± 13

< 0.001

.585

55 ± 17

57 ± 12

.121

.864

  ≥ 65

27 (42)

18 (40)

.093

.630

17 (40)

15 (36)

.098

.653

Male

42 (67)

31 (66)

.015

.938

29 (69)

26 (62)

.151

.491

Year of inclusion

 2018–2022

32 (51)

25 (53)

.048

.803

23 (55)

22 (52)

.048

.827

Body-mass index

27 ± 5

27 ± 8

.123

.582

27 ± 5

28 ± 8

.140

.567

Charlson comorbidity index

4 (2–6)

3 (1–4)

.328

.141

3 ± 3

3 ± 2

.161

.664

Surgery, previous 30 days

21 (34)

13 (28)

.121

.535

14 (33)

11 (26)

.142

.518

Immunosuppressive therapy

4 (6)

6 (13)

.224

.319

4 (9)

6 (14)

.157

.520

Sickle cell disease

2 (3)

2 (4)

.059

1.00

1 (2)

2 (5)

.134

.616

Radio or chemotherapy within the last 3 months

1 (2)

1 (2)

.041

1.00

1 (2)

1 (2)

.004

1.00

Unknown disease

0 (0)

1 (2)

.211

.426

0 (0)

1 (2)

.224

.494

Origin

.021

.913

.101

.645

 Community-acquired (ref)

5 (8)

4 (9)

2 (5)

3 (7)

 Nosocomial infection

58 (92)

43 (91)

40 (95)

39 (93)

Source of bacteremia:

 Central line associated

24 (38)

12 (26)

.272

.165

17 (41)

11 (26)

.306

.165

 With thrombophlebitis

9 (15)

3 (7)

.262

.188

5 (12)

3 (7)

.163

.713

 Pneumonia

7 (11)

14 (30)

.476

.014

7 (17)

12 (29)

.287

.192

 Urinary tract

13 (21)

3 (6)

.426

.054

4 (10)

3 (7)

.086

1.00

 Intra-abdominal

8 (13)

4 (9)

.136

.489

6 (14)

4 (10)

.147

.738

 Liver abscess

1 (1)

1 (2)

.040

1.00

1 (2)

1 (2)

 < 0.001

1.00

 Skin and soft tissue

2 (3)

0 (0)

.256

.506

1 (2)

0 (0)

.221

1.00

 Neuromeningeal

0 (0)

4 (8)

.431

.031

0 (0)

3 (7)

.392

.241

 Unknown

8 (13)

9 (19)

.177

.428

6 (14)

8 (19)

.128

.558

Time between admission to ICU and bacteremia, days

12 ± 13

15 ± 13

.252

.053

12 ± 11

14 ± 12

.166

.485

SAPS II admission score

47 ± 17

49 ± 22]

.111

.557

48 ± 17

51 ± 21

.168

.443

SOFA score at inclusion

9 ± 4]

11 ± 5

.415

.046

10 ± 4

11 ± 5

.297

.193

Pitt bacteremia score at inclusion

6 ± 3

7 ± 3

.273

.062

7 ± 3

7 ± 3 (6–9)

.129

.303

Septic shock

25 (40)

19 (40)

.015

.937

17 (40)

18 (43)

.048

.825

Mechanical ventilation

40 (63)

41 (87)

.573

.005

33 (78)

37 (88)

.258

.380

Appropriate empirical therapy

31 (56)

28 (65)

.180

.380

22 (52)

27 (64)

.251

.260

Duration of empirical therapy, days

1 ± 1

1 ± 2

.113

.788

1 ± 1

1 ± 2

.110

.765

Time to effective antibiotic therapy, hours

26 ± 25

12 ± 35

.460

.075

26 ± 24

11 ± 36

.493

.065

Co-infection at inclusion

11 (18)

4 (9)

.234

.208

8 (19)

6 (14)

.251

.591

Other antibiotic therapy at inclusion

12 (19)

5 (11)

.208

.298

8 (19)

7 (17)

.120

.816