Table 1 Patient characteristics in all unmatched and matched patients
Unmatched | Matched | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAC(−) | PAC(+) | SMD | PAC(−) | PAC(+) | SMD | |
Number of patients | 48,181 | 11,741 | 5675 | 5675 | ||
Age, median year, IQR | 71 [59, 79] | 71 [63, 77] | 0.06 | 71 [62, 78] | 71 [62, 78] | < 0.01 |
Male (%) | 30,674 (63.7) | 7703 (65.6) | 0.04 | 3671 (64.7) | 3694 (65.1) | 0.01 |
Height, median cm, IQR | 162 [154, 168] | 162 [154, 169] | 0.05 | 162 [154, 168] | 162 [154, 169] | 0.03 |
Body weight, median kg, IQR | 58.0 [49.5, 67.6] | 60.0 [51.7, 68.9] | 0.11 | 60.0 [51.2, 70.0] | 60.0 [51.7, 69.0] | 0.01 |
BMI, median kg/m2, IQR | 22.4 [19.8, 25.2] | 22.9 [20.6, 25.6] | 0.1 | 23.0 [20.5, 25.7] | 22.9 [20.5, 25.5] | 0.04 |
Hospital type (%) | 0.35 | 0.04 | ||||
University hospital | 22,776 (47.3) | 7569 (64.5) | 3012 (53.1) | 3088 (54.4) | ||
Public hospital | 15,817 (32.8) | 2649 (22.6) | 1760 (31.0) | 1752 (30.9) | ||
Private hospital | 9588 (19.9) | 1523 (13.0) | 903 (15.9) | 835 (14.7) | ||
Reason for ICU admission (%) | 2.33 | 0.07 | ||||
Open-heart surgery | ||||||
TAA/AAD | 1781 (3.7) | 1920 (16.4) | 1143 (20.1) | 1043 (18.4) | ||
Valve surgery | 1509 (3.1) | 4165 (35.5) | 1304 (23.0) | 1335 (23.5) | ||
CABG | 972 (2.0) | 2336 (19.9) | 857 (15.1) | 878 (15.5) | ||
Valve + CABG | 185 (0.4) | 617 (5.3) | 158 (2.8) | 165 (2.9) | ||
Other open-heart surgery | 1032 (2.1) | 531 (4.5) | 359 (6.3) | 339 (6.0) | ||
Other cardiac surgery | 340 (0.7) | 213 (1.8) | 159 (2.8) | 144 (2.5) | ||
Cardiovascular disease | ||||||
Cardiogenic shock | 165 (0.3) | 144 (1.2) | 86 (1.5) | 92 (1.6) | ||
Cardiac arrest | 1627 (3.4) | 275 (2.3) | 263 (4.6) | 243 (4.3) | ||
AMI | 1585 (3.3) | 359 (3.1) | 320 (5.6) | 317 (5.6) | ||
Aortic aneurysm | 1119 (2.3) | 144 (1.2) | 103 (1.8) | 137 (2.4) | ||
Congestive heart failure | 1650 (3.4) | 331 (2.8) | 286 (5.0) | 288 (5.1) | ||
Other medical disease | 16,604 (34.5) | 311 (2.6) | 275 (4.8) | 302 (5.3) | ||
Other surgical disease | 19,612 (40.7) | 395 (3.4) | 362 (6.4) | 392 (6.9) | ||
Root of ICU admission (%) | 0.9 | 0.03 | ||||
Transfer from ward | 2276 (4.7) | 208 (1.8) | 155 (2.7) | 163 (2.9) | ||
Transfer from ER | 11,987 (24.9) | 963 (8.2) | 819 (14.4) | 866 (15.3) | ||
After elective surgery | 15,862 (32.9) | 8543 (72.8) | 3319 (58.5) | 3333 (58.7) | ||
After emergency surgery | 7697 (16.0) | 1230 (10.5) | 754 (13.3) | 712 (12.5) | ||
Other | 10,359 (21.5) | 797 (6.8) | 628 (11.1) | 601 (10.6) | ||
ICU readmission (%) | 3522 (7.3) | 315 (2.7) | 0.21 | 205 (3.6) | 208 (3.7) | < 0.01 |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||||
Heart failure | 669 (1.4) | 641 (5.5) | 0.23 | 224 (3.9) | 230 (4.1) | 0.01 |
Respiratory failure | 893 (1.9) | 130 (1.1) | 0.06 | 89 (1.6) | 79 (1.4) | 0.01 |
Immunosuppression | 3773 (7.8) | 282 (2.4) | 0.25 | 204 (3.6) | 198 (3.5) | 0.01 |
Hemodialysis | 2893 (6.0) | 995 (8.5) | 0.1 | 414 (7.3) | 415 (7.3) | < 0.01 |
APACHE III median, IQR | 65 [49, 85] | 61 [50, 73] | 0.22 | 62 [49, 77] | 61 [50, 76] | 0.02 |
Catecholamine use (%) | ||||||
Dopamine | 4082 (8.5) | 2979 (25.4) | 0.46 | 1240 (21.9) | 1210 (21.3) | 0.01 |
Noradrenaline | 15,247 (31.6) | 5477 (46.6) | 0.31 | 2157 (38.0) | 2210 (38.9) | 0.02 |
Dobutamine | 5059 (10.5) | 7249 (61.7) | 1.26 | 2609 (46.0) | 2605 (45.9) | < 0.01 |
Adrenaline | 750 (1.6) | 371 (3.2) | 0.11 | 140 (2.5) | 141 (2.5) | < 0.01 |