Critical Illness Weakness, Polyneuropathy and Myopathy: Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes

Table 2 Health domains of the post-intensive care syndrome, measured outcomes, and instruments.

Domains of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome	Measured Outcome	Instruments
Physical domain
Body level
Function	Muscle weakness	MRC scale, handgrip or handheld dynamometry
	Critical illness neuromyopathy	Electromyography
	Fatigue	FSS, FACIT-F
Structure	Myopathy	Muscle biopsy
Whole body in a standardized environment: Activities	Performance-based activity limitations	Six-minute walk test, timed up-and-go
Whole body in a standardized environment: Activities	Self-reported activity limitations	SF-36 physical functioning
Whole body in in a social context: Participation	Participation restrictions	ADL, IADL, return to work, SF-36 role physical
Cognitive domain
	Subjectively reported cognitive impairment	Cognitive outcomes reported by patients or their caregivers
	Objectively reported cognitive impairment: screening tests	MoCA
	Objectively reported cognitive impairment: batteries of cognitive tests	RBANS
Mental health domain
	Depression	HADS-depression
	Anxiety disorders	HADS-anxiety
	PTSD	PTSD checklist for DSM-5, IES

Adapted from Latronico N, et al. [95]
The list of instruments includes some examples, it is not intended to provide a comprehensive list of all instruments available
MRC, Medical Research Council. EMG, electromyography. FSS, fatigue severity score. FACIT-F, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale. SF-36, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. ADL, activities of daily living. IADL, instrumental activities of daily living. MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment. RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. PTDS, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5). IES, Impact of Event Scale

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