Single-plane versus real-time biplane approaches for ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization in critical care patients: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Catheterization-related complications in patients in the single-plane and x-plane groups

	Single-plane (n = 128)	x-Plane (n = 128)	P	RR	95% CI
IJVC	n = 87	n = 95
Immediate complications, n (%)	25 (28.7%)	10 (10.5%)	0.002	0.366	0.187–0.718
Undesired puncture	22 (25.3%)	8 (8.4%)	0.002	0.333	0.157–0.709
Hematoma	7 (8.0%)	3 (3.2%)	0.198*	0.392	0.105–1.470
Posterior IJV wall puncture	8 (9.2%)	4 (4.2%)	0.176	0.458	0.143–1.467
Arterial puncture	0	0	-
Pneumothorax	0	0	-
Hemothorax	0	0	-
Late complications, n (%)	11 (12.6%)	8 (8.4%)	0.352	0.666	0.281–1.579
Venous thrombosis	9 (10.3%)	3 (3.2%)	0.051	0.305	0.085–1.091
CLA-BSI	2 (2.1%)	0	0.227*
FVC	n = 41	n = 33
Immediate complications, n (%)	14 (34.1%)	3 (9.1%)	0.011	0.266	0.083–0.849
Undesired puncture	11 (26.8%)	2 (6.1%)	0.020	0.226	0.054–0.949
Hematoma	3 (7.3%)	1 (3.0%)	0.624*	0.414	0.045–3.799
Posterior FV wall puncture	0	0	-
Arterial puncture	5 (12.2%)	0	0.061*
Late complications, n (%)	4 (9.8%)	0	0.124*
Venous thrombosis	2 (4.9%)	0	0.499*
CLA-BSI	2 (4.9%)	0	0.499*

*Fisher’s Exact Test
IJVC Internal jugular vein catheterization; FVC Femoral vein catheterization; CLA-BSI Central line–associated blood stream infection, RR Relative risk, CI Confidence interval

ISSN: 1364-8535