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Table 1 Patient characteristics and clinical outcome

From: Plasma protein biomarkers reflective of the host response in patients developing Intensive Care Unit-acquired pneumonia

 

Cases (n = 316)

Controls (n = 632)

P value

Baseline data

Age, year, mean (SD)

64 (15.3)

63 (16.0)

0.34

Female sex, n (%)

96 (30.4)

227 (35.9)

0.11

Body Mass Index, mean (SD)

27.3 (6.1)

27.2 (6.0)

0.97

Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR)

3 (2–5)

3 (2–5)

0.98

Origin prior to ICU admission, n (%)

  

0.56

 Home

173 (54.7)

326 (51.6)

 

 General ward

86 (27.2)

178 (28.2)

 

 Long term facility

7 (2.2)

14 (2.2)

 

 Other ICU

39 (12.3)

97 (15.3)

 

Primary reason for ICU admission, n (%)

  

0.07

 Medical

166 (52.5)

292 (46.2)

 

 Surgical, cardiothoracic

11 (3.5)

44 (7.0)

 

 Surgical, other

75 (23.7)

171 (27.1)

 

 Trauma

64 (20.3)

125 (19.8)

 

Colonized with Staphylococcus aureus on admission, n (%)

172 (54.4)

316 (50.0)

0.22

Pneumonia on ICU admission, n (%)

75 (23.7)

124 (19.6)

0.17

APACHE IV, mean (SD)

75 (37.1)

70 (38.0)

0.07

Laboratory values at ICU admissiona

 White blood cells, 109/L, median (IQR)

12.6 (8.6–18.1)

13.0 (9.2–17.5)

0.54

 Neutrophils, 109/L, median (IQR)

10.8 (7.1–15.1)

11.0 (7.2–15.2)

0.85

 Monocytes, 109/L, median (IQR)

0.7 (0.4–1.0)

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

0.74

 Lymphocytes, 109/L, median (IQR)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.97

 Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR)

199 (139–266)

205 (148–271)

0.34

Outcome data

Length of ICU stay, days, median (IQR)

15 (10–28)

8 (5–14)

 < 0.001

Readmission < 30 days of ICU discharge, n (%)

16 (5.1)

21 (3.3)

 < 0.001

Status at Day 90 after ICU admission, n (%)

  

0.02

 Alive

158 (53.6)

368 (63.9)

 

 Dead

137 (46.4)

208 (36.1)

 
  1. APACHE IV—Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV; ICU—Intensive Care Unit; IQR—interquartile range. A case was defined as a subject who developed a (by protocol defined) ICU-acquired pneumonia. A control was defined as a subject who did not develop a protocol-defined ICU-acquired pneumonia. From all controls (n = 1681) we randomly selected a subset in a 2:1 ratio to cases. Continuous nonparametric data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed rank sum- or Kruskal–Wallis test; categorical data were analyzed using a Fisher exact test; continuous parametric data were analyzed using a Student t test; a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  2. aNeutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts missing in up to 47% of patients (considered missing at random), see Additional file 1: Table S2 for details