Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients, infection, and treatments according to gender
| Â | Male | Female | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
(N = 3650) | (N = 2792) | ||
Age, years | 73 (64–81) | 77 (66–84) | < 0.01 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.5 (4.0) | 22.1 (4.5) | < 0.01 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 0.01 |
Initial SOFA score | 6 (4–8) | 5 (4–8) | < 0.01 |
Septic shock | 636 (17.4) | 461 (16.5) | 0.33 |
Sepsis suspected from the ER | 1517 (41.6) | 1211 (43.4) | 0.14 |
Site of infection | Â | Â | Â |
 Respiratory | 1962 (53.8) | 1045 (37.4) | < 0.01 |
 Abdominal | 956 (26.2) | 756 (27.1) | 0.43 |
 Urinary | 538 (14.7) | 831 (29.8) | < 0.01 |
 Skin/soft tissue | 107 (2.9) | 100 (3.6) | 0.14 |
 Catheter-related | 18 (0.5) | 18 (0.6) | 0.42 |
 Neurologic | 31 (0.8) | 18 (0.6) | 0.35 |
Type of infection |  |  | < 0.01 |
 Community | 2527 (69.2) | 1790 (64.1) |  |
 Nursing home acquired | 243 (6.7) | 279 (10) |  |
 Nursing hospital acquired | 494 (13.5) | 432 (15.5) |  |
 Hospital acquired | 386 (10.6) | 291 (10.4) |  |
  Pathogen identification | 2093 (57.3) | 1729 (61.9) |  |
Microbiological Type (N = 3822) |  |  |  |
 Gram-positive bacteria | 642 (30.7) | 434 (25.1) | < 0.01 |
 Gram-negative bacteria | 1514 (72.3) | 1343 (77.7) | < 0.01 |
 Virus | 73 (3.5) | 39 (2.3) | 0.03 |
 Fungus | 123 (5.9) | 102 (5.9) | 0.98 |
 M. tuberculosis | 26 (1.2) | 15 (0.9) | 0.26 |
Appropriateness of initial empirical therapy | Â | 0.88 | Â |
 Appropriate | 3236 (88.7) | 2464 (88.3) |  |
 Inappropriate | 393 (10.8) | 311 (11.1) |  |
 Not applicable | 21 (0.6) | 17 (0.6) |  |
Time to antibiotics, hours | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.53 |
Source control | 410 (11.2) | 343 (12.3) | 0.19 |
Time to source control, hours | 13 (6–26) | 12 (6–25) | 0.40 |
SSC bundle completion at 3Â h | 2239 (61.3) | 1652 (59.2) | 0.08 |
 Measure lactate | 3461 (94.8) | 2608 (93.4) | 0.02 |
 Blood culture | 3234 (88.6) | 2491 (89.2) | 0.44 |
 Antibiotics | 2377 (65.1) | 1803 (64.6) | 0.65 |
 Fluid administration | 3606 (98.8) | 2760 (98.9) | 0.83 |
 Apply vasopressor | 3506 (96.1) | 2702 (97.8) | 0.13 |
ICU admission/transfer | 1620 (44.4) | 1224 (43.8) | 0.66 |
Length of hospital stay | 12 (6–21) | 11 (6–19) | 0.30 |