Table 1 Causes of intracranial hypertension

1. Intracranial

 Extrinsic compression

 Depressed skull fractures

 Subdural, extradural hematomas

 Cerebral contusions

 Cerebral edema

 Thrombosis

2. Extracranial

• Cervical collars

  Neck lateralization

  Jugular thrombosis (central line, SVjO₂ monitoring devices)

  Orotracheal tube tethering

• Thorax (intrathoracic pressure increase)

  Pneumothorax

  Hemothorax

  Mechanical ventilation

  Inadequate PEEP levels

  Airway obstruction

  Thrombosis (central line)

  Severe pulmonary embolism

  Asynchrony with mechanical ventilator

• Abdomen (intrabdominal pressure increase)

  Fluid Resuscitation

  Ileus

  Gastroparesis

  Pneumoperitoneum

  Hemoperitoneum