Table 1 Patient characteristics: demographics, comorbidities, baseline and clinical characteristics by hospital mortality
| Ā | Survivors | Non-survivors | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
(Nā=ā1034) | (Nā=ā139) | (Nā=ā1217)* | |
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age (years)ā | 50.0 (17.9) | 60.2 (17.4) | 51.2 (18.1) |
Female | 346 (33%) | 52 (37%) | 412 (34%) |
Height (cm)ā | 170 (9.17) | 169 (9.28) | 170 (9.18) |
Weight (kg)ā | 76.4 (16.1) | 73.1 (16.7) | 76.0 (16.2) |
BMI (cm/kg)ā | 26.3 (5.14) | 25.7 (5.52) | 26.3 (5.18) |
Geographic region | |||
Europe and Central Asia | 718 (69%) | 97 (70%) | 845 (69%) |
Latin America & Caribbean | 218 (21%) | 14 (10%) | 236 (19%) |
South Asia | 44 (4%) | 22 (16%) | 75 (6%) |
Middle East and North Africa | 23 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 25 (2%) |
East Asia and Pacific | 24 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 29 (2%) |
North America | 7 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (1%) |
Country Income Levelā ā ā | |||
High | 792 (77%) | 106 (76%) | 928 (76%) |
Upper middle | 198 (19%) | 11 (8%) | 214 (18%) |
Lower middle | 44 (4%) | 22 (16%) | 75 (6%) |
Comorbidities | Ā | Ā | Ā |
Hypertension | 274 (27%) | 56 (40%) | 346 (28%) |
Diabetes | 110 (11%) | 30 (22%) | 146 (12%) |
Heart failure | 22 (2%) | 11 (8%) | 35 (3%) |
Pulmonary disease | 43 (4%) | 2 (1%) | 48 (4%) |
Malignancy | 40 (4%) | 10 (7%) | 53 (4%) |
Current tobacco use | 241 (23%) | 25 (18%) | 280 (23%) |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Type of brain injury | Ā | Ā | Ā |
Ā Traumatic brain injury | 518 (50%) | 47 (34%) | 588 (48%) |
Ā Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 177 (17%) | 30 (22%) | 218 (18%) |
Ā Intracranial hemorrhage | 317 (31%) | 50 (36%) | 382 (31%) |
Ā Acute ischemic stroke | 78 (8%) | 17 (12%) | 97 (8%) |
Ā CNS infection | 45 (4%) | 13 (9%) | 60 (5%) |
Brain tumor | 52 (5%) | 7 (5%) | 60 (5%) |
Initial GCSā ā | 7.00 [3.00, 12.0] | 7.00 [3.00, 12.0] | 7.00 [3.00, 12.0] |
GCS eyesā ā | 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] |
GCS verbalā ā | 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] | 1.00 [1.00, 4.00] |
GCS motorā ā | 4.00 [1.00, 6.00] | 4.00 [1.00, 6.00] | 4.00 [1.00, 6.00] |
Anisocoria | 286 (28%) | 42 (30%) | 338 (28%) |
Posterior fossa injury | 57 (6%) | 10 (7%) | 70 (6%) |
Nosocomial VAP | 406 (39%) | 61 (44%) | 480 (40%) |
ARDS | 93 (9%) | 19 (14%) | 114 (9%) |
Mild | 19 (20%) | 4 (21%) | 24 (21%) |
Moderate | 36 (39%) | 6 (32%) | 43 (38%) |
Severe | 38 (41%) | 9 (47%) | 47 (41%) |
Treatment modalities utilized | |||
Intraparenchymal ICP monitor | 454 (44%) | 35 (25%) | 504 (41%) |
Extraventricular drain | 298 (29%) | 52 (37%) | 360 (30%) |
Decompressive craniectomy | 175 (17%) | 32 (23%) | 218 (18%) |
Intracranial neurosurgery | 403 (39%) | 57 (41%) | 483 (40%) |
Barbiturate coma | 65 (6%) | 5 (4%) | 74 (6%) |
Therapeutic hypothermia | 51 (5%) | 5 (4%) | 56 (5%) |