Fig. 3

Association between gut microbiota alterations (dysbiosis) within 48 h after hospital admission and 60-day mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A ROC analysis of ICU dysbiosis index for 60-day mortality (n = 11). B Kaplan–Meier curve for 60-day mortality according to tertiles of ICU dysbiosis index. C Cox regression analysis of ICU dysbiosis index (as a continuous variable) in univariate analysis (black) and adjustment with covariates (red) one by one that were trend level different between survivors and non-survivors (see Additional file 1: Table S1, as well as ICU propensity score, see statistical methods), D Volcano plot visualizing differentially abundant bacterial genera based on effect size (x-axis) and p values (y-axis) in relation to 60-day mortality