Table 1 Baseline characteristics in the two groups

Age, years mean (SD)

0.6

Sex, male n (%)

0.2

Weight, kg mean (SD)

0.02

Time from trauma to inclusion, Hours mean (SD)

0.67

Severe TBI, n (%)

1

ICP before inclusion, mmHg mean (SD)

0.051

MAP before inclusion, mmHg mean (SD)

0.51

Hypotension, n (%)

1

Hypoxemia, n (%)

1

Hemoglobin level < 9 g/dl, n (%)

0.79

Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

1

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m²

0.65

Hyperosmolar therapy, n (%)

0.63

 Mannitol

0.39

 Hypertonic saline solution

0.64

Baseline metabolic parameters, mean (SD)

Sodium, mmol/L

0.42

Chloride, mmol/L

0.18

Urea, mmol/L

0.87

Creatinine, µmol/L

0.74

Acid base status

 Arterial pH

0.97

 Base deficit, mmol/L

0.56

 Bicarbonate, mmol/L

0.28

 Arterial CO₂, mmHg

0.26

 Lactate level, mmol/L

0.51

  Lactate > 2 mmol/L, n (%)

0.19

Daily chloride load, g/day mean (SD)

Before inclusion

0.001

 Day 1

 < 0.001

 Day 2

 < 0.001

 Day 3

0.008

 Day 4

0.09

Cumulative chloride load at Day 4, g mean (SD)

 < 0.001

Antidiuretic hormone use during ICU stay, n (%)

0.006

Outcomes

ICU length of stay, Days mean (SD)

0.14

ICU mortality, n (%)

0.41