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Table 2 Baseline demographic data and arrest characteristics

From: Association of ultra-early diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Characteristic

Patients, no. (%)

   

Patients, no. (%)

  

Overall cohort (n = 110)

Good neurological outcome (n = 48)

Poor neurological outcome (n = 62)

P-valueb

AHSI group (n = 64)a

PHSI group (n = 46)a

P-valueb

Age, median (IQR), y

57.5 (38.0–69.0)

58.5 (38.0–68.0)

57.5 (41.8–69.0)

.75

57.5 (30.5–67.5)

56.5 (48.3–72.3)

.25

Sex

       

Female

30 (27.3)

10 (20.8)

20 (32.3)

.20

16 (25.0)

14 (30.4)

.67

Male

80 (72.7)

38 (79.2)

42 (67.7)

 

48 (75.0)

32 (69.6)

 

CCI score, median (IQR)

2 (0–4)

2 (0–4)

2 (0–4)

.69

2 (0–4)

2 (1–4)

.34

Arrest characteristics

       

Witness

61 (55.5)

39 (81.3)

22 (35.5)

 < 0.001

44 (68.8)

17 (37.0)

 < 0.001

Bystander CPR

77 (70.0)

39 (81.3)

38 (61.3)

.03

49 (76.6)

28 (60.9)

.09

Shockable rhythm

36 (32.7)

30 (62.5)

6 (9.7)

 < 0.001

33 (51.6)

3 (6.5)

 < 0.001

Cardiac etiology

42 (38.2)

30 (62.5)

12 (19.4)

 < 0.001

32 (50.0)

10 (21.7)

.003

Low flow time, median (IQR), min

20.0 (9.5–30.0)

12.5 (8.0–18.8)

29.5 (20.5–43.0)

 < 0.001

15.0 (9.0–18.8)

27.5 (20.0–39.8)

 < 0.001

Post-cardiac arrest care

       

Target temperature, 33 °C

98 (89.1)

40 (83.3)

58 (93.5)

.12

56 (87.5)

42 (91.3)

.76

Early PCI, n (%)

9 (8.2)

6 (12.5)

3 (4.8)

.18

9 (14.1)

0

.01

Seizure before MRI, n (%)

28 (25.5)

12 (25.0)

16 (25.8)

.96

20 (31.3)

8 (17.4)

.12

Laboratory results after ROSC, median (IQR)

       

pH

7.20 (7.06–7.30)

7.25 (7.13–7.34)

7.14 (7.00–7.27)

.004

7.25 (7.13–7.33)

7.12 (6.99–7.23)

 < 0.001

Lactic acid, mmol/L

8.2 (4.5–11.0)

7.0 (3.6–10.4)

8.7 (4.2–11.0)

.07

7.0 (4.0–7.0)

9.8 (6.4–11.0)

.03

Times to examinations, median (IQR), h

       

ROSC to CT, 95c

1.3 (0.7–2.2)

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

1.5 (0.9–2.4)

.17

1.1 (0.5–1.7)

1.0 (0.3–1.8)

.30

ROSC to MRI

2.8 (2.0–4.0)

2.6 (1.9–3.8)

2.9 (2.0–4.1)

.42

2.0 (1.6–3.3)

2.8 (1.9–5.8)

.42

ROSC to obtain biomarker samples

4.6 (3.4–6.0), 84c

4.1 (3.2–5.8), 35c

4.7 (4.0–6.0), 49c

.13

3.3 (3.0–5.6), 47c

4.7 (3.2–5.9), 37c

.17

Neuro-prognostication, median (IQR)

       

Presence of HSI on DW-MRI, n (%)

46 (41.8)

0

46 (74.2)

 < 0.001

   

Serum NSE, ng/mL

32.0 (21.8–57.6)

25.2 (19.2–32.2)

61.3 (42.1–152.8)

 < 0.001

25.2 (19.2–32.2)

61.3 (42.1–152.8)

 < 0.001

CSF NSE, ng/mL, 89c

44.4 (20.2–130.5)

23.5 (15.6–47.4)

130.0 (58.0–213.0)

 < 0.001

23.5 (15.6–47.4)

130.0 (58.0–213.0)

 < 0.001

Average ADC value, × 10−6 mm2/s

828.3 (774.6–853.4)

847.3 (829.4–867.4)

783.2 (647.5–829.2)

 < 0.001

843.2 (828.4–865.4)

764.3 (593.1–806.7)

 < 0.001

PV 650, %

17.1 (12.1–29.2)

13.2 (10.3–17.0)

31.1 (23.2–66.3)

 < 0.001

13.2 (10.3–17.0)

31.1 (23.2–66.3)

 < 0.001

GWR, 95c

1.22 (1.16–1.28)

1.23 (1.19–1.30)

1.20 (1.11–1.25)

 < 0.001

1.24 (1.19–1.30)

1.20 (1.11–1.25)

.005

Low flow time, min

20.0 (10.0–30.0)

14.0 (8.0–20.8)

30.5 (22.8–44.5)

 < 0.001

14.0 (8.0–20.8)

30.5 (22.8–44.5)

 < 0.001

QA, 89c

0.008 (0.006–0.013)

0.007 (0.005–0.009)

0.011 (0.008–0.019)

 < 0.001

0.007 (0.005–0.009)

0.011 (0.008–0.019)

 < 0.001

Outcome

   

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

Survival

76 (69.7)

48 (100)

29 (46.8)

 

60 (95.2)

16 (34.8)

 

Brain death

12 (11.0)

0

12 (19.4)

 

1 (1.6)

11 (23.9)

 

WLST after 72 h from ROSC

6 (5.5)

0

6 (9.7)

 

0

6 (13.0)

 
  1. IQR interquartile range; CCI Charlson comorbidity index; CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; ROSC return of spontaneous circulation; CT computed tomography; HSI high-signal intensity, DW-MRI diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; NSE neuron-specific enolase; CSF cerebrospinal fluid; ADC apparent diffusion coefficient; PV 650 the percentage of voxels below 650 × 10−6 mm2/s in apparent diffusion coefficient; GWR gray-white matter ratio; QA albumin quotients; WLST withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment; ROSC return of spontaneous circulation
  2. aPHSI, presence of HSI on DW-MRI; AHSI, absence of HSI on DW-MRI
  3. bP values are based on χ2 test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables
  4. cNumber of patients included in the analysis
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