Fig. 1

Causes of in-hospital cardiac arrest derived from a large systematic review and meta-analysis [13]. Cause with associated 95% confidence intervals: hypoxia (14.2%–38.7%), neurological causes (1–3.4%), acute coronary syndrome (13.9–22.6%), toxins (0.2–1.6%), pneumothorax (0.06–0.14%), arrhythmias (0–34.9%), hypovolaemia (7.0– 22.7%), infection (9.5–19.3%), heart failure (6.5–18.8%), unknown (5.1–23.2%), electrolyte disturbances (0.9–5.1%), cardiac tamponade (0.3–5.7%), pulmonary embolism (2.2–3.1%)