Table 1 Chemical characteristics and toxicokinetics of ethylene glycol

Molecular weight (Da)

62

76

Bioavailability (%)

100 (rodent data)

N/A

[402]

Protein binding (%)

Unknown, likely very low

0

[403]

Volume of distribution (L/kg)

0.5–0.8

0.5–0.6

[15, 19, 148, 178, 202, 209, 210, 342, 404,405,406]

T_1/2 (Hours)

No antidote, no KI

2–5

2–7

[15, 16, 28, 41, 50, 119, 143, 144, 148, 160, 163, 165, 168, 172, 177, 178, 185, 186, 188, 202, 210, 211, 218, 221, 222, 224, 227, 242, 278, 385, 404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422]

No antidote, KI

4–8

?

Ethanol, no KI

8.5–14

1–3

Ethanol, KI

20–40

15–40

Fomepizole, no KI

12–18

3–5

Fomepizole, KI

40–80

10–15

Clearance (mL/min)

Non-renal (no antidote)*

60–100

80–85

[15, 143, 172, 178, 210, 404, 406, 413, 414, 423,424,425]

Non-renal (with antidote)

5–10

Renal (no KI)

20–30

5–60