Table 2 Predictive factors of AKI after CBP surgery (derivation cohort, n = 509)
From: A universal predictive and mechanistic urinary peptide signature in acute kidney injury
Parameters (derivation CBP cohort) | Overall (n = 509) | Acute kidney injury | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 389) | Yes (n = 120) | Adjusted univariate p value | Multivariate odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
Preoperative features | |||||
Male, n (%) | 381 (74.9) | 295 (75.8) | 86 (71.7) | 0.504 | – |
 Age (years), mean ± SD | 67.6 ± 11.4 | 66.7 ± 12 | 70.3 ± 9.1 | 0.002 | 1.03 [1.00–1.05] |
 BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26.9 ± 4.4 | 26.8 ± 4.2 | 27.5 ± 5.1 | 0.237 | – |
 Diabetes, n (%) | 127 (25) | 93 (23.9) | 34 (28.3) | 0.492 | – |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 269 (52.8) | 194 (49.9) | 75 (62.5) | 0.033 | 1.55 [0.98–2.50] |
 PAOD, n (%) | 49 (9.6) | 32 (8.2) | 17 (14.2) | 0.116 | 1.34 [0.63–2.72] |
 Stroke, n (%) | 33 (6.5) | 25 (6.4) | 8 (6.7) | 1.000 | – |
 COPD, n (%) | 29 (5.7) | 23 (5.9) | 6 (5) | 0.911 | – |
 EuroSCORE-II, mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 2.6 | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 3.4 ± 3.3 |  < 0.001 | – |
 LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 55.9 ± 11.3 | 56 ± 11.4 | 55.7 ± 11.2 | 0.902 | – |
 Serum Creatinine (μmol/L),  mean ± SD | 98.3 ± 41.2 | 92.5 ± 25.1 | 117.4 ± 68.7 | 0.001 | – |
 eGFR (mL/min.1.73m2),  mean ± SD | 70.3 ± 20.2 | 72.9 ± 18.3 | 61.8 ± 23.7 |  < 0.001 | 0.80 [0.71–0.91] |
 Kidney graft recipients, n (%) | 7 (1.4) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (5) | 0.002 | 18.75 [2.64–385.1] |
Per-operative features | |||||
Surgery |  |  |  | 0.504 | – |
 CAB, n (%) | 196 (38.5) | 156 (40.1) | 40 (33.3) |  |  |
 Valvular, n (%) | 175 (34.4) | 135 (34.7) | 40 (33.3) |  |  |
 Combined, n (%) | 71 (13.9) | 50 (12.9) | 21 (17.5) |  |  |
 Thoracic aorta, n (%) | 58 (11.4) | 41 (10.5) | 17 (14.2) |  |  |
 Myocardium, n (%) | 9 (1.8) | 7 (1.8) | 2 (1.7) |  |  |
Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 23 (4.5) | 13 (3.3) | 10 (8.3) | 0.062 | 1.23 [0.39–3.65] |
CBP time (min), mean ± SD | 85.3 ± 36.2 | 79.3 ± 30.8 | 104.8 ± 44.8 |  < 0.001 | 1.02 [1.01–1.03] |
RBC transfusion, n (%) | 91 (17.9) | 56 (14.4) | 35 (29.2) | 0.001 | 0.50 [0.003–3.33] |
 Number, mean ± SD | 0.4 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.003 | 1.34 [0.61–2.93] |
Vasoactive agents, n (%) | 456 (89.6) | 345 (88.7) | 111 (92.5) | 0.403 | – |
Postoperative features | |||||
RBC transfusion, n (%) | 151 (29.7) | 90 (23.1) | 61 (50.8) |  < 0.001 | – |
 Number, mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 1.8 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 2.9 |  < 0.001 | – |
Vasoactive agents, n (%) | 277 (54.4) | 194 (49.9) | 83 (69.2) | 0.001 | – |
 Duration (day), mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 2.1 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 3.6 | 0.001 | – |
Infection, n (%) | 83 (16.3) | 44 (11.3) | 39 (32.5) |  < 0.001 | – |
Iodinated contrast agents, n (%) | 25 (4.9) | 12 (3.1) | 13 (10.8) | 0.003 | – |
Mechanical ventilation | |||||
 Duration (d), mean ± SD | 19.5 ± 77.2 | 11.1 ± 35.1 | 46.9 ± 143.4 | 0.014 | – |
ICU stay duration (day), mean ± SD | 5.6 ± 6.7 | 4.6 ± 3.8 | 8.8 ± 11.4 | 0.001 | – |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 15 (2.9) | 1 (0.3) | 14 (11.7) |  < 0.001 | – |