Oropharyngeal and intestinal concentrations of opportunistic pathogens are independently associated with death of SARS-CoV-2 critically ill adults

Table 3 Adjusted impact of Enterococcus spp., S. aureus and Candida spp. oropharyngeal and rectal abundances on day 90 mortality (combined analyses)

	HR	95% CI		p
Oropharynx
Enterococcus spp. Quantitative (log)	1.100	1.010	1.197	0.0281
Antibiotic treatment active against Enterococcus/MRSA#	2.872	1.704	4.841	< 0.0001
Candida spp. Quantitative (log)	1.183	1.065	1.313	0.0017
Antifungal treatment active against Candida spp.#	1.499	0.846	2.655	0.1650
S. aureus quantitative (log)	1.265	1.112	1.440	0.0004
Antibiotic treatment active against anaerobic bacteria#	2.240	1.343	3.737	0.0020
Age*	1.026	1.004	1.049	0.0230
Chronic diseases**	2.047	1.273	3.291	0.0031
Daily SOFA score*	1.172	1.105	1.243	< 0.0001
Rectal
Enterococcus spp. quantitative (log)	1.156	1.052	1.270	0.0026
Antibiotic treatment active against Enterococcus/MRSA#	2.253	1.296	3.915	0.0040
Candida spp. quantitative (log)	1.182	1.059	1.320	0.0029
Antifungal treatment active against Candida spp.#	0.991	0.558	1.759	0.9740
Antibiotic treatment active against anaerobic bacteria#	2.842	1.706	4.733	< 0.0001
S. aureus quantitative (log)	1.470	1.207	1.789	0.0001
Age*	1.030	1.008	1.053	0.0078
Chronic diseases**	2.071	1.267	3.386	0.0037
Daily SOFA score*	1.226	1.157	1.299	< 0.0001

SOFA score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, assesses daily
*HR per one point increase in variables
**Using Knaus definitions [30]; HR, Hazard ratio on the final model; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval of the adjusted HR
#Antifungal treatment active against Candida includes: IV polyenes, azoles and IV candins. Antibiotic treatment active against Enterococcus/MRSA includes: vancomycin, daptomycin and oxazolidinones. Antibiotic treatment active against anaerobic bacteria includes nitro-imidazoles, imipenem, meropenem, clindamycin, piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxicillin/clavulanate

ISSN: 1364-8535