Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics of the study patients by BMI categories
From: The obesity paradox for survivors of critically ill patients
Variables | Total | Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | Normal weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) | Overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) | Obese (30 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m2) | Morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 7916 (100) | 206 (2.6) | 2368 (29.9) | 2852 (36.0) | 2065 (26.1) | 425 (5.4) |
Age, years | 65 (54, 76) | 69 (55, 78) | 69 (54, 79) | 66 (55, 76) | 63 (54, 73) | 58 (50, 66) |
Sex: male | 5023 (63) | 80 (39) | 1371 (58) | 2014 (71) | 1349 (65) | 209 (49) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 27.2 (24.0, 31.4) | 17.4 (16.4, 18.1) | 22.9 (21.5, 24.0) | 27.3 (26.2, 28.5) | 33.0 (31.4, 35.3) | 44.1 (41.7, 48.1) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 5397 (68) | 129 (63) | 1608 (68) | 1951 (68) | 1405 (68) | 304 (72) |
Others | 2519 (32) | 77 (37) | 760 (32) | 901 (32) | 660 (32) | 121 (28) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 4373 (55) | 80 (39) | 1245 (53) | 1660 (58) | 1171 (57) | 217 (51) |
Single | 1511 (19) | 59 (29) | 466 (20) | 513 (18) | 364 (18) | 109 (26) |
Widowed | 1009 (13) | 34 (17) | 366 (15) | 320 (11) | 250 (12) | 39 (9) |
Divorced | 469 (6) | 13 (6) | 111 (5) | 169 (6) | 142 (7) | 34 (8) |
Others | 554 (7) | 20 (10) | 180 (8) | 190 (7) | 138 (7) | 26 (6) |
Insurance type | ||||||
Medicare | 4007 (51) | 126 (61) | 1315 (56) | 1418 (50) | 983 (48) | 165 (39) |
Private | 3171 (40) | 64 (31) | 796 (34) | 1183 (41) | 916 (44) | 212 (50) |
Medicaid | 452 (6) | 13 (6) | 150 (6) | 157 (6) | 97 (5) | 35 (8) |
Government | 197 (2) | 3 (1) | 66 (3) | 64 (2) | 54 (3) | 10 (2) |
Self-pay | 89 (1) | 0 (0) | 41 (2) | 30 (1) | 15 (1) | 3 (1) |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Hypertension | 4457 (56) | 94 (46) | 1169 (49) | 1622 (57) | 1325 (64) | 247 (58) |
Diabetes mellitus | 2077 (26) | 33 (16) | 445 (19) | 663 (23) | 754 (37) | 182 (43) |
Tumor | 525 (7) | 22 (11) | 182 (8) | 175 (6) | 119 (6) | 27 (6) |
Respiratory disease | 1212 (15) | 52 (25) | 375 (16) | 357 (13) | 321 (16) | 107 (25) |
CHF | 2146 (27) | 61 (30) | 662 (28) | 731 (26) | 548 (27) | 144 (34) |
Liver disease | 273 (3) | 6 (3) | 97 (4) | 96 (3) | 65 (3) | 9 (2) |
Renal failure | 643 (8) | 25 (12) | 202 (9) | 219 (8) | 160 (8) | 37 (9) |
ICU types | ||||||
CCU | 1341 (17) | 24 (12) | 397 (17) | 511 (18) | 338 (16) | 71 (17) |
MICU | 3803 (48) | 64 (31) | 1071 (45) | 1438 (50) | 1062 (51) | 168 (40) |
CSRU | 1191 (15) | 67 (33) | 379 (16) | 368 (13) | 289 (14) | 88 (21) |
SICU | 906 (11) | 31 (15) | 272 (11) | 312 (11) | 235 (11) | 56 (13) |
TSICU | 675 (9) | 20 (10) | 249 (11) | 223 (8) | 141 (7) | 42 (10) |
ICU scoring systems | ||||||
SOFA score | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 5) | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 6) | 4 (2, 6) |
SAPS II | 31 (24, 40) | 36 (28, 43) | 33 (25, 41) | 31 (24, 39) | 30 (23, 39) | 30 (22, 40) |
ICU LOS, days | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 4 (2, 7) |
Hospital LOS, days | 8 (6, 13) | 9 (6, 16) | 8 (6, 13) | 8 (6, 12) | 8 (6, 13) | 9 (6, 16) |
Hospital discharge location | ||||||
Home | 1980 (25) | 46 (22) | 539 (23) | 768 (27) | 535 (26) | 92 (22) |
Home health care | 3003 (38) | 52 (25) | 852 (36) | 1144 (40) | 806 (39) | 149 (35) |
Rehabilitation center | 1364 (17) | 44 (21) | 441 (19) | 420 (15) | 355 (17) | 104 (24) |
Hospice | 60 (1) | 3 (1) | 21 (1) | 24 (1) | 6 (0) | 6 (1) |
Skilled nurse facility | 1077 (14) | 48 (23) | 383 (16) | 348 (12) | 251 (12) | 47 (11) |
Others | 432 (5) | 13 (6) | 132 (6) | 148 (5) | 112 (5) | 27 (6) |
Four-year mortality | 2571 (32) | 127 (62) | 920 (39) | 821 (29) | 582 (28) | 121 (28) |