Table 2 Demographics and clinical characteristics of critically ill patients undergoing antimicrobial dosing optimization through real-time ECPA-guided program

Patient demographic

Age (years) [median (IQR)]

66.5 (56.0–75.0)

Gender (male/female) [n (%)]

113/53 (68.1%/31.9%)

Body weight (kg) [median (IQR)]

75.0 (62.0–85.0)

Body mass index (kg/m²) [median (IQR)]

25.7 (22.0–28.3)

CL_CR (mL/min/1.73 m²)^a [median (IQR)]

55.0 (28.3–98)

Augmented renal clearance [n (%)]

16 (9.6%)

Vasopressors requirement [n (%)]

97 (58.4%)

Mechanical ventilation [n (%)]

137 (82.5%)

CRRT [n (%)]

44 (26.5%)

SOFA score^a [median (IQR)]

8 (4–12)

Setting [n (%)]

General ICU

111 (66.9%)

Post-transplant ICU

55 (33.1%)

Underlying disease for ICU admission [n (%)]

Acute respiratory failure

40 (24.1%)

Post-operatory sepsis

34 (20.5%)

Septic shock

29 (17.5%)

Abdominal perforation

27 (16.3%)

Solid organ transplant

11 (6.6%)

Hemorrhagic shock

6 (3.6%)

Cardiac arrest

5 (3.0%)

Other

14 (8.4%)

Antimicrobial treatment^b [n (%)]

Empirical

131 (50.2%)

Targeted

128 (49.0%)

Prophylaxis

2 (0.8%)

Antimicrobial used^b [n (%)]

Piperacillin–Tazobactam

109 (41.8%)

Meropenem

65 (24.9%)

Fluconazole

23 (8.8%)

Linezolid

20 (7.7%)

Levofloxacin

18 (6.9%)

Ganciclovir

8 (3.1%)

Ceftazidime

8 (3.1%)

Ciprofloxacin

5 (1.9%)

Voriconazole

3 (1.1%)

Acyclovir

2 (0.7%)

Clinical outcome [n (%)]

ICU mortality rate

33 (19.9%)