Characteristic | No. (%) | Â |
---|---|---|
 | High-flow nasal cannula group (n = 158) | Conventional oxygen therapy group (n = 172) |
Characteristics of the patients at admission | Â | Â |
Age, median (IQR), y | 70.0(65.0–75.0) | 69.0(63.5–74.5) |
Men, No. (%) | 140(88.6%) | 137(79.7%) |
Body mass index*, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 21.0(18.7–23.3) | 21.0(18.7–23.3) |
APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 10.0(7.0–13.0) | 10.0(7.0–13.5) |
Symptoms at admission, No. (%) | Â | Â |
Dyspnoea | 149(94.3%) | 170(98.8%) |
Cough | 143(90.5%) | 157(91.3%) |
Wheeze | 118(74.4) | 138(80.2%) |
Sputum production | 101(63.9%) | 91(52.9%) |
Fever | 24(15.2%) | 24(14%) |
Comorbidities, No. (%) | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 54(34.2%) | 65(37.8%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 16(10.1%) | 13(7.6%) |
Asthma | 11(7.0%) | 8(4.7%) |
Chronic heart failure | 7(4.4%) | 12(7.0%) |
Bronchiectasis | 7(4.4%) | 10(5.8%) |
Current smoker, No. (%) | 34(21.5%) | 35(20.3%) |
FEV1% predicted, No | 59 | 67 |
Median (IQR) | 32.5(24.8–42.1) | 32.0(24.6–43.1) |
FEV1/FVC% predicted, No | 60 | 67 |
Median (IQR) | 41.6(33.0–51.3) | 42.6(34.6–51.6) |
Prior use of long-term oxygen therapy, No. (%) | 37(23.4%) | 40(23.3%) |
Physiological characteristics at randomization | Â | Â |
Body temperature, median (IQR), °C | 36.5(36.4–36.8) | 36.6(36.4–36.8) |
Respiratory rate, median (IQR), breaths/min | 21.0(20.0–23.0) | 21.0(20.0–23.0) |
Heart rate, median (IQR), beats/min | 85.0(78.0–98.0) | 88.5(78.5–100.0) |
Mean blood pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 95.0(87.3–102.7) | 96.0(88.7–102.8) |
SpO2, median (IQR), % | 93.0(89.0–96.0) | 92.0(88.0–96.0) |
Nasal cannula, No. (%) | 89(56.3%) | 98(57.0%) |
O2 flow, median (IQR), L/min | 2.0(2.0–3.0) | 2.0(2.0–3.0) |
Borg scale score, median (IQR), units | 4.0(3.0–5.0) | 4.0(3.0–5.0) |
pH, median (IQR), units | 7.40(7.37–7.42) | 7.40(7.37–7.43) |
PaCO2, median (IQR), mmHg | 50.4(47.3–56.3) | 51.7(47.6–58.0) |
PaO2, median (IQR), mmHg | 70.4(57.0–83.0) | 68.0(56.0–83.7) |
Bicarbonate, median (IQR), mmol/L | 31.3(28.3–34.9) | 31.8(29.0–35.2) |
White blood cell, median (IQR), × 109/L | 6.9(5.5–9.4) | 6.9(5.8–8.8) |
C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/L | 10.0(3.9–29.1) | 8.7(4.1–30.9) |